Resumo:A contaminação ambiental e as exposições ocupacionais por mercúrio estão relacionadas a diversos problemas de saúde desde o período fetal. Pelo fato do amálgama ser um material restaurador amplamente usado em odontologia, em virtude da sua facilidade de utilização e do baixo custo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os aspectos ambientais, ocupacionais e toxicológicos da contaminação mercurial. Foi realizada uma revisão utilizando as bases de dados Medline, ISI e LILACS cobrindo o período de 2004 a 2015. O mercúrio está relacionado à redução do crescimento ponderal e desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças, bem como a distúrbios psico-afetivos, autismo, doença de Alzheimer, infertilidade masculina e problemas cardiometabólicos. Embora a contribuição das amálgamas dentárias para a liberação de mercúrio não seja tão expressiva comparada à contaminação por atividades de garimpo e outras fontes, seu uso deve começar a ser restrito para reduzir as emissões de mercúrio. Abstract:Environmental pollution and occupational exposures by Mercury have been associated with many health problems since the fetal life. Since amalgam is widely used in dentistry due to its ease use and lower cost, the objective of this work was to elaborate a review regarding Mercury pollution and environmental, occupational and health aspects. A review covering 2010 to 2014 period using Medline, ISI, and LILACS databases were done. Mercury is associated with reduction of physical growth and cognitive development in children as well as psycho-affective disturbancies, autism, Alzheimer's disease, male infertility, and cardiometabolic problems. Although the amagalm contribution to Mercury release is not so relavant as compared to gold-mining and other sources its use should beggin to be restricted in order to reduce Mercury emissions.
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