Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume crop worldwide and is a major nutrient source in the tropics. Common bean reproductive development is strongly affected by heat stress, particularly overnight temperatures above 20°C. The desert Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) offers a promising source of adaptative genes due to its natural acclimation to arid conditions. Hybridization between both species is challenging, requiring in vitro embryo rescue and multiple backcrossing cycles to restore fertility. This labor-intensive process constrains developing mapping populations necessary for studying heat tolerance. Here we show the development of an interspecific mapping population using a novel technique based on a bridging genotype derived from P. vulgaris, P. Acutifolius and P. parvifolius named VAP1 and is compatible with both common and tepary bean. The population was based on two wild P. acutifolius accessions, repeatedly crossed with Mesoamerican elite common bush bean breeding lines. The population was genotyped through genotyping-by-sequencing and evaluated for heat tolerance by genome-wide association studies. We found that the population harbored 59.8% introgressions from wild tepary, but also genetic regions from Phaseolus parvifolius, a relative represented in some early bridging crosses. We found 27 significative quantitative trait loci, nine located inside tepary introgressed segments exhibiting allelic effects that reduced seed weight, and increased the number of empty pods, seeds per pod, stem production and yield under high temperature conditions. Our results demonstrate that the bridging genotype VAP1 can intercross common bean with tepary bean and positively influence the physiology of derived interspecific lines, which displayed useful variance for heat tolerance.

The Archaeological Site La Pintada is located near Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico; this is one of the most important sites in the region due to its extension and wide archaeological evidence. This site was a gathering point for various indigenous groups since the pre-Hispanic age to the first contacts with the Spanish conquerors; they left their live experiences and worldview in the form of rock paintings along a wide natural canyon. Several of these paintings are in risk due to weathering processes of their rock support: the volcanic tuff.In order to preserve these paintings the characterization of the volcanic tuff was made with petrographic analyses and X-Ray Diffraction, and among with the results obtained from environmental monitoring, different degrees of alteration were established. According to these results, the conservation treatment proposed was the consolidation of the tuff.The consolidants used for this treatment were alkoxysilanes in two variations: Silicate and alumino-silicate which were developed in Mexico for volcanic tuff consolidation. The consolidants were synthetized in the laboratory, and afterwards were tested on powders and cubic probes of the rock in Hermosillo’s environmental conditions (24°C, 45%RH).The consolidants were tested in two different types of application: aspersion and injection. The consolidated probes were evaluated for hardness, water absorption and color change. Afterwards, in situ tests were performed. The results of this evaluation showed that the Silicate consolidant was the best for this treatment, since it was easy to manipulate, improved the rock’s properties and did not cause a change appearance; making this Mexican material suitable for the conservation of the rock paintings.

Los moluscos bivalvos son considerados organismos de gran importancia económica y social. Sin embargo, han sido identificados como agentes de toxiinfecciones alimentarias. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar aislar e identificar bacterias del genero Vibrio en muestras de Aulacomya atra “choro” procedentes del terminal pesquero de Villa María del Triunfo, Lima, Perú, que los vinculan con brotes de afecciones entéricas. Se analizaron un total de 30 muestras del molusco bivalvo A. atra. Se centró el interés por especies del género Vibrio, utilizándose la metodología recomendada por la “Food and Drug Administration” (FDA) y “Bacteriological Analytical Manual” (BAM) para el aislamiento de Vibrio en muestras de origen marino. De las 30 muestras analizadas se aislaron un total de 8 cepas de Vibrio, con predominancia Vibrio alginolyticus. No hubo presencia de Vibrio cholerae. Siete cepas correspondieron a Vibrio alginolyticus y 1 cepa a Vibrio parahaemolyticus, responsable de la gastroenteritis por el consumo de mariscos crudos o poco cocidos.