Abstract:This study has established a methodology to determine the most environmentally suitable area for the expansion of Zamora (Spain) using geographic information system (GIS) technology. The objective was to develop a GIS-based methodology for the identification of urban peripheral areas that are suitable for the accommodation of new buildings and services, that are compliant with environmental criteria, and that guarantee an adequate quality of life for the future population such that extra construction costs are avoided. The methodological core is based on two multi-criteria analyses (MCAs): MCA-1 determines areas suitable for building-the most environmentally sustainable areas that do not present risks or discomforts to the population-by analyzing the restrictive factors; MCA-2 takes the sectors that received a favorable evaluation in MCA-1, determines which of those have a lower economic overhead for construction, and analyzes the different conditioning criteria related to their pre-existing infrastructures. Finally, the location of the sectors is determined by a decision factor that satisfies some strategic need of the municipality.
Abstract:The present work has developed a method using GIS technology to evaluate the danger, vulnerability, and exposure to the risk of flooding in the Alba de Yeltes area (Salamanca, Spain). It is a non-structural measure for the prevention and mitigation of the risk of extraordinary flooding. After completing a full analysis of the physical environment (climate, geology, geomorphology, hydrology, hydrogeology, and land use), hydrological-hydraulic modeling was carried out using the GeoHecRas river analysis software. The results obtained from the analysis and the models have generated a danger map that facilitates the efficient evaluation of the spatial distribution of the different severity parameters (depth of the watersheet, current flow rate, and flood-prone areas). Also, map algebra and the databases associated with GIS tools, together with the vulnerability and exposure cartography, have allowed the risk to be analyzed in an integrate manner and the production of an environmental diagnostic map. The results of this study propose that there are inhabited areas close to the Yeltes-Morasverdes riverbed that have a high risk of flooding, indicating the need for proper land planning and the implementation of a series of measures that will help to reduce the risk of flooding and its impact.
The present study has established a methodology to determine the most environmentally sustainable area for the expansion of a city center using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. This technology permits the graphical information associated with a municipality to be manipulated, integrated, analyzed and represented in a simple way that is cost effective during the early decision making steps, which analyze the various options regarding the urbanistic planning prior to taking final decisions. In order to delimit the growth zones, three types of factors were established: restrictive (those whose presence made urbanization impossible: close proximity to a treatment system, risk of flooding, steep slopes, protected land, high quality agricultural land and geotechnical problems); determinant (those who determined which sectors would require additional costs upon urbanization: distance to the preexisting infrastructures, heavy traffic and close proximity to an administrative center) that determined which periphery areas were suitable for the construction of new buildings; and finally establishing which areas were to be built up through a decision factor that satisfied a particular municipal need. Moreover, to facilitate the urbanistic process, the selected areas were divided into cadastral parcels that were analyzed, and their dimensions and existing visual impact were determined. In addition, the type of dwelling to be utilized was recommended once an urbanistic analysis was carried out on the adjacent areas and the urban transport system was designed, connecting the new growth area to the city center.
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