ResumenAntecedentes: Como parte del proyecto Flora de Tabasco, en los años recientes se han explorado las regiones montañosas del sur del estado. Recientemente, en un cerro poco conocido en el extremo suroeste se encontró por primera vez una población de plantas del género Pinguicula. Pregunta: ¿Puede un análisis taxonómico crítico de caracteres morfológicos demostrar que la especie en cuestión no corresponde a ninguna de las entidades de Pinguicula antes descritas para México y Centroamérica? Taxón: Lentibulariaceae, Pinguicula sp. nov. Sitio de estudio: Ejido Villa de Guadalupe, municipio de Huimanguillo, Tabasco Métodos: Se realizaron varias colectas de las plantas para elaborar muestras botánicas; posteriormente se realizó un análisis crítico de los caracteres morfológicos de las plantas colectadas y se compararon con las especies conocidas del sureste de México y Centroamérica para contrastarlas. Resultados: A partir del material colectado se describe Pinguicula olmeca como una especie nueva para la ciencia. Conclusiones: La nueva especie se ubica en la sección Orcheosanthus, dentro de ésta es parecida a P. moranensis y P. zecheri, pero se diferencia de éstas por producir un solo tipo de hojas durante todo el año y por tanto no forma rosetas de invierno, por el pedúnculo y cáliz glabros y por el espolón muy largo, tan largo como el pedúnculo o ligeramente más corto. Esta especie representa el primer registro del género Pinguicula para Tabasco. Palabras clave: endemismo, Flora de Tabasco, Mesoamérica, planta carnívora. AbstractBackground: As part of the project Flora de Tabasco, in recent years the mountainous regions at south of the state have been explored. Recently in a poorly known mountain in the southwestern extreme, a population of Pinguicula was found for the first time to the state. Question: Is it posible, with a critical taxonomic analysis of morphologycal characters to prove that this species is different from those known formerly in Mexico and y Central America? Taxon: Lentibulariaceae, Pinguicula sp. nov. Study site: Ejido Villa de Guadalupe, Huimanguillo, Tabasco. Methods: Collections of plants were realized to obtain herbarium specimens; after that a critical analysis of morphologycal characters was performed for the samples, and the plants were compared with known species from southeastern Mexico and Central America, in order to contrast them. Results: From the collected material, Pinguicula olmeca is described as a new species for science. Conclusions:The new species is included in section Orcheosanthus, among the species of this section it is similar to P. moranensis and P. zecheri, from which it differs by producing a single type of leaves during the year, the lack of winter rosettes, the glabrous peduncle and calix, and for the very long spur, which is as long as the peduncle or a little shorter. This is the first record to the genus Pinguicula for Tabasco.
Pinguicula calderoniae is described as a new species to science. It grows on calcareous rocks in the cloud forest in the border of Querétaro and San Luis Potosí states. On account of its bilabiate corolla with long-infundibuliform tube, as long as or shorter than the spur, it is placed in subgenus Pinguicula, section Longitubus. This new taxon is clearly differentiated from other members of this group by its long lanceolatelinear summer leaves, which are unique in the section.
Aguascalientes se localiza en la región centro-norte de México donde convergen bosques de encino y pino-encino de la Sierra Madre Occidental, pastizales y matorrales xerófilos del Altiplano Zacatecano-Potosino, y bosque tropical caducifolio de las cuencas del río Juchipila y río Verde. Dentro de esta diversidad florística se registra un pequeño conjunto de elementos indicadores de ambientes húmedos asociados al bosque mesófilo de montaña, que se conserva en las barrancas más húmedas de la Sierra Fría y Sierra del Laurel, formando parte de bosques de encino y bosques riparios. Con el objetivo de estimar la distribución de dichos elementos florísticos y de los bosques que los contienen, se combinaron técnicas de análisis visual, imágenes de satélite multiespectrales SPOT-5 y muestreos de vegetación. Acorde con los resultados, se estima que los sitios con elementos afines al bosque mesófilo cubren 1,031.5 ha distribuidas en 12 localidades principales. Los sitios con mayor riqueza de especies son Boca Oscura y Los Alisos en la Sierra del Laurel. Entre las especies de interés destacan Alnus acuminata, Cercocarpus macrophyllus, Clethra hartwegii, Garrya laurifolia, Litsea glaucescens, Populus tremuloides, Quercus castanea y Quercus candicans, las cuales son componentes comunes en los bosques templados-húmedos del centro y occidente de México.
Background: Embryology of the male reproductive structures in Fouquieriaceae has been poorly studied. The ontogeny of the anther wall, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen morphology were described in detail for Fouquieria fasciculata. Questions: How microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis are carried out in Fouquieria fasciculata? How is the morphology of mature pollen grain? Study species: Fouquieria fasciculata (Fouquieriaceae). Study site and date: Río Estórax Canyon, near the El Plátano, Querétaro, Mexico. Methods: Floral buds and flowers at different stages of development were collected and processed for further analysis with light and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The development of the anther wall is of Dicotyledonous type. The anther wall consists of a single-layered epidermis covered by a thick cuticle, an endothecium with U-shaped fibrous thickenings, one middle layer and a secretory tapetum with uni or binucleate cell. Two orbicules types were characterized: doughnut-shape orbicules and aggregated orbicules with ruminate appearance. Microsporogenesis is successive, the microspore tetrads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are prolate, tricolporate with reticulate-heterobrochate exine, and are shed in the two-celled stage. Conclusions: This research is the first comprehensive study of male structures ontogeny of Fouquieriaceae. Remarkable features were described in Fouquieria fasciculata, such as the differentiation of a secretory tapetum and the presence of orbicules, which are described for the first time and contribute to characterize the embryology of Fouquieriaceae.
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