No abstract

Purpose: To assess whether adolescent athletes were affected or not in terms of mental health by the long duration at home linked to isolation enforced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The study included 940 team athletes, 274 individual athletes, and 131 nonathlete controls aged 12–17 years. Demographic data were obtained with a form including questions about age, sex, sports type, and physical activity status (type, duration, and frequency) during the isolation period. Participants completed the Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Results: Among participants, 88% did not meet the physical activity recommendations for children and adolescents, while 42.8% felt depressed. Depressive symptoms were present in 38.1% of boys and 59.7% of girls, with girls (6.4%) having higher posttraumatic stress symptoms than boys (3.5%). Among athletes, depressive and anxiety symptoms were lower compared with nonathlete controls (P < .01). Posttraumatic stress symptoms were lower among athletes than nonathlete controls for girls (team vs control, P = .006; individual vs control, P = .002) but similar for boys (P > .05). The depression (P = .518), state (P = .866), and trait anxiety (P = .507) symptoms were similar between team athletes and individual athletes. Conclusion: Though adolescent athletes’ depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly lower than nonathlete controls, athletes also had high depression levels. These findings show the need to take precautions to protect the psychological health of not only nonathletes, but also athletes in the pandemic period.

ÖZETAmaç: Paraoksonaz 1 (PON1) enzim aktivitesi PON1 Q912R genotipine göre belirgin farklılık göstermektedir. Perokside lipitleri arjinin (R) genotipi, glutamin (Q) genotipine göre daha hızlı ve fazla miktarda hidrolizlemektedir. Q genotipi nörodejenerasyon, kardiyovasküler ve malignensi risklerine daha büyük yatkınlık oluşturmaktadır. Serum stimüle paraoksonaz/aril esteraz oranı PON1 Q192R genotipine uygun biçimde dağılım gösterdiğinden fenotip olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bipolar bozukluk, depresyon ve şizofreni grupları arasında serum PON1 aktivitesi ve Q192R fenotip dağılımları açısından farklılık olup olmadığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 50 bipolar bozukluk, 43 major depreson, 37 şizofreni hastası ve 43 sağlıklı gönüllü dahil edildi. Serum PON1, stimüle paraoksonaz (sPON), aril esteraz (ARES) düzeyleri otomatik analizörle ölçüldü. sPON/ARES oranında görülen kümelenmeler frekans hesaplamalarına göre QQ, QR ve RR fenotip grupları elde edildi. Bulgular: Bipolar bozukluk, depresyon, şizofreni ve kontrol grupların-da fenotip dağılımları bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede farklı bulundu (Fisher'in Kesin Katsayısı=18,96, p=0,003). Bipolar bozukluk grubunda RR, depresyon ve şizofreni gruplarında QQ varyantlarının frekansı yüksekti. Serum PON1 aktivitesiyle bipolar bozuklukta geçirilmiş dönem sayısı arasında ve şizofreni grubunda SANS ve SAPS puanları arasında bağıntı görüldü.Sonuç: Bipolar bozukluk, şizofreni ve yineleyici depresyon arasında PON1 aktivitesi ve fenotip varyasyonu açısından fark olması lipit peroksidasyonu ve nörodejeneratif süreçlere yatkınlık açısından bu tanı grupları arasında fark olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzunlamasına izlem çalışmaları Q192R varyantları arasında klinik seyir ve nöropatolojik farkların tespit edilmesini sağlayabilir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Bipolar bozukluk, depresyon, şizofreni, paraoksonaz, fenotip SUMMARY Phenotypic Variants of Paraoxonase Q192R in Bipolar Disorder, Depression and SchizophreniaObjective: Activity of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme varies prominently according to the PON1 Q192R genotype. The arginine (R) genotype hydrolyzes peroxided lipids more quickly and efficiently than the glutamine (Q) genotype. The Q phenotype suggests greater liability to neurodegenerative processes, cardiovascular and malignancy risks than the R phenotype. Stimulated PON/ARES ratio is associated with the PON1 Q192R polymorphism. This study aimes to assess the Q192R phenotype in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Method:Patients with schizophrenia (37), bipolar disorder (n=50), depression (n=43) and healthy volunteers (n=43) were enrolled. Serum PON1, stimulated paraoxonase (sPON) and aryl esterase (ARES) levels were assessed with an automatic analyzer. Clusters of sPON/ARES ratio were detected with frequency analysis in PON1. QQ, QR and RR variant groups.Results: There were significant differences between the bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia and healthy volunteer groups in terms of phenotype frequencies ...

Misophonia is described as a condition in which negative emotions and negative physical reactions are triggered by particular sounds. The patients with misophonia demonstrate hatred and extreme intolerance against specific non-dominant and repetitive sounds. It is a severe psychiatric disorder rather than a mere obsession. Its symptoms may vary from mild to severe. Although some patients can dissemble and passed out, some may lose their control. In severe cases, involuntary physical violence may be observed. Although it is usually perceived as a spoil by the society, it may cause the patient's life become unbearable. In this paper, the physical violence of a misophonia patient directed to a dinner guest who smacks his mouth during eating was reported. Unfortunately, the patient could not achieve to exclude himself from the source of disturbance before exhibiting the adverse physical reaction. Therefore, this case becomes important in demonstrating the extreme involuntarily reactive nature of misophonia.

No abstract