No abstract

Objective: Trabecular bone score (TBS), an indirect evaluation of skeletal microarchitecture, is calculated from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study aimed to determine the mean TBS values in healthy postmenopausal women and overall association between TBS and demographic features, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and BMD to body mass index (BMI) ratio of the lumbar spine. Methods: Fifty-three postmenopausal healthy women were enrolled. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by DXA. Anteroposterior lumbar spine acquisitions were used to calculate the TBS for L1 to L4. Results: The mean BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was 0.945 ± 0.133 and 0.785 ± 0.112 g/cm2, respectively. The mean TBS was 1.354 ± 0.107. There was a significant positive moderate correlation between TBS and total lumbar BMD to BMI ratio (r = 0.595, P < 0.001), and significant positive weak correlations between TBS and BMD of the lumbar spine (r = 0.347, P = 0.011) as well as between TBS and femoral neck (r = 0.305, P = 0.026), whereas significant negative moderate correlations were observed between TBS and age (r = −0.393, P = 0.004) as well as between TBS and BMI (r = −0.333, P = 0.015). Conclusions: TBS values of postmenopausal women were negatively correlated with age and BMI, and positively with BMD and BMD to BMI ratio.

Given the link between coach dismissal and increased rates of muscle strain injuries, increased attentiveness to preventing muscle injuries during coaching transitions and to the impact of new training regimens is required by trainers and medical teams.

Korkmaz, E, D önmez, G, Uzuner, K, BabayevaS ‚ erife S ‚ eyma Torgutalp, N, and Özc ¸akar, L. Effects of blood flow restriction training on muscle strength and architecture. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1396-1403, 2022-The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the traditional resistance (RES) training and low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) protocols on quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, and rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis architecture, in youth team soccer players. Twenty-three young trained soccer team players were divided into 2 groups: the RES group that practiced traditional high-intensity resistance training (80% 1 repetition maximum [1RM], 4 sets, 12 rep.) (n 5 12) and the BFR group that performed low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR (30% 1RM, 4 sets, 30-15-15-15 rep.) (n 5 11)-unilateral knee extension exercise-twice a week for 6 weeks. Muscle strength (isokinetic concentric peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles) and ultrasonographic parameters (muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length) were assessed. Bilateral knee flexor and extensor strength was increased in both groups compared with pre-exercise. The increase in dominant side extensor muscle strength (60˚•s 21 p 5 0.02, h 2 p 5 0.256, 180˚•s 21 p 5 0.019, h 2 p 5 0.271) and RF thickness (p 5 0.002, h 2 p 5 0.361) was statistically higher in the BFR group than in the RES group. These findings support that occlusion training can provide better benefits than traditional strength training to improve muscle hypertrophy. In addition, the novelty of our study is that BFR training may affect the muscle structure measured by ultrasonography.