Our results with enuresis prevalence and associated factors were comparable to other epidemiologic studies from various countries. Furthermore we demonstrated that families in Turkey do not pay sufficient attention to enuresis and most of enuretic children do not receive professional treatment.

Cite as: Can Urol Assoc J 2013;7(5-6):e293-8. http://dx. Abstract Introduction: Prostate biopsies incur the risk of being false-negative and this risk has not yet been evaluated for 12-core prostate biopsy. We calculated the false-negative rate of 12-core prostate biopsy and determined the patient characteristics which might affect detection rate. Methods: We included 90 prostate cancer patients (mean age of 64, range: 49-77) diagnosed with transrectal ultrasound guided 12-core prostate biopsy between December 2005 and April 2008. All patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy and the 12-core prostate biopsy procedure was repeated on surgical specimen ex-vivo. Results of preoperative and postoperative prostate biopsies were compared. We analyzed the influence of patient age, prostate weight, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, free/ total PSA ratio, PSA density and Gleason score on detection rate. Results: In 67.8% of patients, prostate cancer was detected with repeated ex-vivo biopsies using the same mapping postoperative-ly. We found an increase in PSA level, PSA density and biopsy Gleason score; patient age, decreases in prostate weight and free/ total PSA ratio yielded higher detection rates. All cores, except the left-lateral cores, showed mild-moderate or moderate internal consistency. Preoperative in-vivo biopsy Gleason scores remained the same, decreased and increased in 43.3%, 8.9% and 47.8% of patients, respectively, on final specimen pathology. Conclusions: The detection rate of prostate cancer with 12-core biopsy in patients (all of whom had prostate cancer) was considerably low. Effectively, repeat biopsies can still be negative despite the patient's reality of having prostate cancer. The detection rate is higher if 12-core biopsies are repeated in younger patients, patients with high PSA levels, PSA density and Gleason scores, in addition in patients with smaller prostates, lower free/total PSA ratios. original research serefoglu et al.

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Robot‐assisted (RA) procedures are increasingly being performed as minimally invasive surgical approaches. RA radical cystectomy (RARC) has the advantages of decreased blood loss, decreased time to flatus, decreased time to bowel movement and decreased analgesic use compared with open RC. Positive surgical margin rates and lymph node yields are similar to open RC. RARC was suggested to have the advantage of having fewer complications compared with open RC. To date, very few authors have reported their experience with totally intracorporeal RARC including the urinary diversion. This case series of totally intracorporeal RARC including the urinary diversion reports the operative and postoperative variables, pathological variables, complications, oncological outcomes, functional outcomes and the feasibility of these complex procedures. Advantages of using the surgical robot enable the console surgeon to preserve the neurovascular bundles with excellent surgical oncological safety. Outcomes of the present series suggest that RARC seems to have excellent short‐term surgical and pathological outcomes and satisfactory functional results. Additionally, performing the whole procedure totally intracorporeally might lead to decreased insensible fluid loss from the bowels, which might also prevent development of electrolyte imbalance resulting in earlier bowel function recovery. Additional advantages of this approach include decreased wound infection and dehiscence, better wound healing and better cosmesis. OBJECTIVE To report the outcomes of 27 patients whom we performed robot‐assisted radical cystoprostatectomy and cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (Studer pouch and ileal conduit) for bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between December 2009 and December 2010, we performed RARC in 25 men (intrafascial bilateral [22], unilateral [one], non‐neurovascular bundle [NVB] sparing [two]), NVB‐sparing RARC with anterior pelvic exenteration in two women, bilateral extended robot‐assisted pelvic lymph node dissection (RAPLND) (25), intracorporeal Studer pouch (23), ileal conduit (two), and extracorporeal Studer pouch (two) construction. Patient demographics, operative and postoperative variables, pathological variables, complications (according to modified Clavien system) and functional outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS The mean (sd, range) operative duration, intraoperative estimated blood loss and mean lymph node (LN) yield were 9.9 (1.4, 7.1–12.4) h, 429 (257, 100–1200) mL and 24.8 (9.2, 8–46), respectively. The mean (sd, range) hospital stay was 10.5 (6.8, 7–36) days, there was one perioperative death (3.7%), lodge drains were removed at a mean of 11.3 (5.6, 9–35) days and surgical margins were negative in all but one patient who had pT4b disease. The postoperative pathological stages were: pT0 (five), pTis (one), pT1 (one), pT2a (five), pT2b (three), pT3a (six), pT3b (two), pT4a (three) and ...

The objective of our study is to analyze the impact of patient age, education level, and household income on the understanding of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and to determine the patient characteristics that make this questionnaire less reliable. All men older than 18 years presenting to our clinic were asked to complete the Turkish translation of IIEF upon arrival. Self-reported information related to age, education level, and household income of the patients was also recorded from the questionnaire. The patients were requested to complete the questionnaires once again during their second visit, which was not earlier than 5 hours and no later than 5 days. The patients were requested to complete the questionnaire by themselves; however, those who were unable to do so themselves were allowed to receive the assistance of their companions. The answers of the questions that were replied to properly were defined as ''appropriate,'' and the unanswered questions or those replied to with more than one answer were defined as ''inappropriate.'' A total of 430 patients were included in this study. Only 289 patients (67.2%) were able to respond to all of the questions properly at first visit. The percentage of improper completion increased as age increased, whereas it decreased parallel to the increase in educational level and household income (respectively, P 5 .027, P , .001, P 5 .008). Of 430 patients, 68.4% did not need any help from their companions, and the remaining 31.6% needed some assistance during the completion of the questionnaire. A total of 131 patients who completed the questionnaire at their initial admittance to our clinic came for their second visit. Only 61.8% of the patients were capable of completion both at first and second visits. There was a low degree of consistency among the first and second administrations of IIEF (k 5 0.369, P , .001). Turkish translation of the IIEF needs further validations for the self-administered mode in order to improve its comprehension as well as its reliability, validity, and specificity, especially in older patients with lower educational levels and household income status, among whom the prevalence and the severity of erectile dysfunction is higher.

Background and Objectives:To compare open versus totally intracorporeal robotic-assisted radical cystectomy, bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection, and Studer urinary diversion in bladder cancer patients.Methods:A retrospective comparison of open (n = 42) versus totally intracorporeal (n = 32) robotic-assisted radical cystectomy, bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection, and Studer urinary diversion was performed concerning patient demographic data, operative and postoperative parameters, pathologic parameters, complications, and functional outcomes.Results:Patient demographic data and the percentages of patients with pT2 disease or lower and pT3–pT4 disease were similar between groups (P > .05). Positive surgical margin rates were similar between the open (n = 1, 2.4%) and robotic (n = 2, 6.3%) groups (P > .05). Minor and major complication rates were similar between groups (P > .05). Mean estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the robotic group (412.5 ± 208.3 mL vs 1314.3 ± 987.1 mL, P < .001). Significantly higher percentages of patients were detected in the robotic group regarding bilateral neurovascular bundle–sparing surgery (93.7% vs 64.3%, P = .004) and bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection (100% vs 71.4%, P = .001). The mean lymph node yield was significantly higher in the robotic group (25.4 ± 9.7 vs 17.2 ± 13.5, P = .005). The number of postoperative readmissions for minor complications was significantly lower in the robotic group (0 vs 7, P = .017). Better trends were detected in the robotic group concerning daytime continence with no pad use (84.6% vs 75%, P > .05) and severe daytime incontinence (8.3% vs 16.6%, P > .05). No significant differences were detected regarding postoperative mean International Index of Erectile Function scores between groups (P > .05).Conclusions:Robotic surgery has the advantages of decreased blood loss, better preservation of neurovascular bundles, an increased lymph node yield, a decreased rate of hospital readmissions for minor complications, and a better trend for improved daytime continence when compared with the open approach.