BACKGROUND/AIMS:The symptoms experienced by patients receiving chemotherapy reduce their ability to perform daily life activities, adversely affect the quality of life and makes them dependent on care to meet their care needs. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between care dependency and self-care behaviors in patients undergoing chemotherapy. MATERIAL and METHODS:This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 100 patients in Turkey between November 2018 and February 2019. Ethics committee approval, institution permit and patient consent were obtained in order to conduct the study.Data were collected by face to face interviews by using Patient Information Form, Care Dependency Scale and Self-care Behavior Scale According to Self-Care Inability Theory in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. In the analysis of the data, t-Test, Mann Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis Test, Pearson Correlation Test and regression analysis were used in independent groups. RESULTS:It was found that 74% of the patients who participated in the study were male, 48% were between 39 and 58 years old, 38% were diagnosed with lung cancer, and 63% received 2-4 cycles of chemotherapy. Mean scores of "Care Dependency Scale" (68.98±15.89) and "Selfcare Behavior Scale According to Self-Care Inability Theory in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy" (69.54±13.20) were at a moderate level. It was determined that the patients' care dependency scores accounted for the change of the total score of self-care behaviors at a rate of 21%. CONCLUSION:As a result, the study found that self-care behavior increased as the care dependency of chemotherapy patients decreased, and self-care behaviors were affected by care dependency at a low rate.