Background Orthognathic surgery involves movement of jaws in all three planes, and this being a part of airway complex, displacement of jaws can influence the dimension of airway at all levels. Lefort one osteotomy surgery with superior repositioning is a common procedure done for patients with vertical maxillary excess Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional volumetric changes in airway after lefort one impaction surgery using three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (3D-CBCT) in patients with vertical maxillary excess (VME). Methods A prospective analysis of 15 patients who underwent isolated lefort one impaction surgery was done with pre-operative (T0) and 3-months (T1) post-operative 3D-CBCT scans. Airway was divided into three segments, nasopharyngeal, velopharyngeal and oropharyngeal. Volumetric analysis of all these segments was done before and after surgery. Paired 't test' was used to assess the mean difference in airway volume and area between T0 and T1. One-way ANOVA was used to check the mean percentage difference in airway volume and area among the three segments. Results The mean percentage of nasopharyngeal volume difference was-0.6299 ± 0.9146%, velopharyngeal volume difference was-0.5205 ± 1.107%, oropharyngeal volume difference was-1.492 ± 2.745%. Though volume and area of pharyngeal airway were decreased after maxillary impaction surgery in all three segments of airway studied, they were not statistically significant. Conclusion Among the three segments of airway studied, oropharyngeal airway volume has shown the highest postsurgical reduction though statistically insignificant. ESS scores were within normal limits. Hence, we are of the opinion that there is lack of evidence to conclude that the patients undergoing lefort one superior repositioning for the treatment of VME might develop significant narrowing of PAS that may predispose the patient to breathing disorders.

In around the world, mosquito control is considered a most important because of the incapable of synthetic insecticides and the ecological pollution about by them. In this manner, need the eco-friendly insecticides to efficient control the mosquito disease is the need of the hour. We synthesized the eco-friendly of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using the Knoxia sumatrensis aqueous leaf extract ( Ks- ALE) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis of ZnO-NPs was confirmed by UV with an absorption peak at 354 nm. ZnO-NPs crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra revealed the chloride, cyclic alcohols, sulfonamies, carboxylic acids, oximes, phosphines, alkenes and alcohol & phenol. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the NP’s are rod shaped with 50–80 nm size and also energy dispersive spectra (EDaX) spectra showed presence of zinc. Antioxidant assay showed superior activity and evidenced by DPPH, ABTS and H 2 O 2 radical assays. Furthermore, the ZnO-NPs exhibited strong activity in MCF-7 cell line with IC 50 value is 58.87 μg/mL. Mosquito larvicidal activity of ZnO-NPs produced significant activity and excellent larvicidal activity was noticed in Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC 50 0.08, mg/mL and LC 90 19.46 mg/mL. This study suggests that synthesized ZnO-NPs using Knoxia sumatrensis leaf extract have good biological activities and it makes them an ideal candidate for pharmacological studies.

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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained greater interest among chemists and researchers in this current scenario. The present research investigates the larvicidal and anti-proliferation activity of AgNPs derived from Knoxiasumatrensis aqueous leaf extract (K. sumatrensis-ALE) as a potential capping and reducing candidate. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized through-UV-spectra absorption peak at 425 nm. The XRD and FT-IR studied displayed the crystalline nature and presence of functional groups in prepared samples. FE-SEM showed the hexagonal shape of NPs with the size of 7.73 to 32.84 nm. The synthesized AgNPs displayed superior antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity (IC50 53.29 µg/mL) of breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Additionally, larvicidal activity against mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus larvae delivered (LC50-0.40, mg/L, and LC90-15.83) significant mortality rate post treatment with synthesized AgNPs. Overall, the present research illustrates that the synthesized AgNPs have high biological potential and present a perfect contender in the pharmacological and mosquitocidal arena.