No abstract

The socio-economic development in Jakarta-Bandung Mega Urban Region (JBMUR) caused the increasing of urban expansion and led to a variety of environmental damage such as uncontrolled land use conversion and raising anthropogenic disaster. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the driving forces of urban expansion that occurs on JBMUR and (2) to analyze the environmental quality decline on JBMUR by producing time series spatial distribution map and spatial autocorrelation of floods and landslide as the proxy of anthropogenic disaster. The driving forces of urban expansion in this study were identified by employing Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model using 6 (six) independent variables, namely: population density, percentage of agricultural land, distance to the center of capital city/municipality, percentage of household who works in agricultural sector, distance to the provincial road, and distance to the local road. The GWR results showed that local demographic, social and economic factors including distance to the road spatially affect urban expansion in JBMUR. The time series spatial distribution map of floods and landslide event showed the spatial cluster of anthropogenic disaster in some areas. Through Local Moran Index, we found that environmental damage in one location has a significant impact on the condition of its surrounding area.

Serang is one regency in Banten Province which is located near to Jabodetabek, the largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. The economic growth at its periphery has a negative impact on the decreasing of rice field in the regency. Objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze decreasing of rice field in Serang Regency from 2006 to 2018 and to project land-use change in 2030, and (2) to identify spatial distribution pattern of rice field in Serang Regency. Land-use change was conducted by ArcGIS10.3 using Landsat images. Identification of spatial distribution pattern of rice field was conducted by Moran and LISA (Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation). Meanwhile, land-use change projection was conducted using CA-Markov. Results show that during 2006-2018 there has been an increase of built-up area (7,295 hectares) and decreasing of rice field from 60,949 hectares to 54,232 hectares. A larger decreasing rice field occurred at districts located at the eastern part of Serang Regency. The result of land-use change projection shows the increase of built-up area and rice field conversion in Serang Regency in 2030. Decreasing rice field in the long term may threaten food security at the local and regional level.

Sustainable development has been the subject of considerable discussion and it has attracted much attention among environmentalist, economist and policy makers. There are few studies of sustainable development measures in Indonesia, but still focused on partial dimension. This study tried to develop index to promote sustainable development assessment in Indonesia, especially at the regional (regency and municipality) level, called Regional Sustainability Index (RSI) using Factor Analysis (FA) with consideration of regional-scale spatial interdependency by employing Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) statistics. There are 416 regencies and 98 municipalities in Indonesia. The data used in this study were secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2014. RSI was developed based on 30 regional sustainable development indicators which were divided into 3 major dimensions: economy, social, and environment. Some indicators which develop RSI is covering economic welfare, public services, infrastructure, social welfare, community health and education, physical condition, regional environmental sustainability and disaster resilience. Based on LISA results, it was found that sustainability performance of the regional-scale spatial units (regencies/municipalities) was strongly influenced by the sustainability conditions in its surrounding areas. The approach developed in this study was able to show the actual condition of regional sustainability performance in all dimensions without making it into one composite index so that it could show the index value of each dimension. According to the results, we can conclude that RSI is a very effective method to indicate the locations of the hotspot issues of sustainable development. By this index, we have a new approach for evaluating and reporting economic, social, and environmental conditions at the regional level to support the integration of three dimensions of sustainability. The study concludes that the country has attained high socioeconomic sustainability which needs to be addressed. Producing a cluster map of regencies and municipalities by combining the RSI value of each dimension is very helpful for the decision maker to determine the appropriate policy for solving the problems in each region.

Although uneven regional development has long been an issue in Java, most parts of the territory experienced an increased level of development over the last two decades. Due to the variance in local background and spatial heterogeneity, the driving factors of the development level should, theoretically, vary over space. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the local factors that influence the development level of Java’s regions. We used the spatiotemporal pattern analysis, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, and geographically weighted regression (GWR), utilizing the regional development index as the predicted variable, and the social level, economy, infrastructure, land use, and environmental barriers as predictors. As per our results, it was found that the level of development in Java has improved over the past two decades. Metropolitan areas continued to lead this improvement. All the predictors that we examined significantly affected regional development. However, the spatial pattern of the local regression coefficients of Human Development Index (HDI), landslide, paddy conversion, and crime shifted due to changes in the spatial concentration of development activities.