This research examines the socioeconomic and cargo handling characteristics of the Tin Can Island Port in Nigeria.  The rise in global trade agreements has led to a cargo handling crisis in Nigeria.  However, the perspectives of the socioeconomic characteristic have not yet been studied. The sampling method used was simple random sampling, with 100 questionnaires given to all the employees and consumers who use the terminal.  However, the study was based on 93 respondents who completed the survey satisfactorily.  In addition, it includes in-depth interviews with some of the port-terminal employees, a few customers, and neighborhood residents on the use of intelligent port systems.  The data instruments' validity and reliability were checked with a Cronbach alpha reliability test of 0.80-0.89 and found to be accurate for all the parameters.  The information was analyzed using descriptive, qualitative, and chi-square statistical methods.  The study found that socioeconomic factors, especially the age of the cargo handling staff, impacted the port's capability.  The level of port automation and the adoption of intelligent port systems are still relatively low, though remarkable since the reforms.  The research shows a significant relationship between the perception of cargo traffic level and change in the cargo handling procedure at Tin Can Island Port.  In addition, it reveals a substantial connection between policy adoption and cargo handling improvement at the port.

Rail transport developments seem to offer tremendous benefits to land use and spatial development. As the development of rail lines induces land use growth and development. However, the veracity of this claim remains unclear in the context of Nigeria rail resuscitation efforts. This research intends to examine the correlation between rail development and land use in Nigeria. The association between state population characteristics, rail line development, population density, and square kilometres is examined. The methodology comprises both qualitative and quantitative designs. The correlation coefficients are used to establish a relationship between the parameters used in the research. The study reveals that spatial development and land uses are greatly influenced by rail transportation infrastructure provision in the state with a rail line. The analysis reveals a positive relationship between rail line development and population density. Therefore, more investment and better management are needed to facilitate nationwide rail transportation links.

Rail transport offers a huge benefit to Nigeria’s socio-economic activities because of its capacity to pull huge volumes of freight and convey large numbers of passengers. Despite these, commerce and socio-economic cohesion have been badly affected as road transport still dominates in overland transport. The revitalization of the rail mode towards economy recovery has suffered greatly since the 1970s. This study examines the spatiotemporal development of the railways in Nigeria. The methodology comprises longitudinal research design spanning over 30 years, from 1970 to 2016. The study reveals the spatiotemporal influence of rail transportation on the spatial development of localities and cities by attracting passengers, cargoes, and revenue receipts. The findings reveals also that rail transportation is experiencing a remarkable transition but has not attained the optimal level in rail development and performance across the country. Therefore more investment and better management are still needed.

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