Ethylene removal was investigated using a reactor system combining plasma and a catalyst (Pd/ZSM-5). The catalyst could adsorb ethylene effectively even under harsh conditions of 100% humidity and 10 000 ppm CO 2 . The air in a 1 m 3 container, which was prepared to imitate agricultural storage, was circulated through the reactor. The process of ethylene treatment consists of one cycle comprising adsorption, plasma-catalyst oxidation, and desorption, and this cycle is repeated until the ethylene is completely removed. Among the variables such as initial concentration, amount of catalyst, voltage, adsorption time, and flow rate of the circulating gas, the most influential were the flow rate and the catalyst amount. The lower the initial ethylene concentration is, the less time required for complete removal, although the percent removal was not largely affected by the initial concentration (20-200 ppm). The ethylene removal was improved by injecting 20 ppm ozone into the container once per cycle. In the absence of ozone, using only the plasma-catalytic reactor, it took 20 h for complete removal, whereas all ethylene was removed in about 8 h in the presence of ozone. A mass balance model could provide a good prediction of the temporal variations of ethylene concentration. The long-term storage stability of a Fuji apple in the container was tested for 40 d. A comparison of the control group with the group subjected to ethylene processing revealed that the ethylene concentrations were significantly different from each other, indicating the efficiency of the plasma-catalyst system. After 40 d of storage, the hardness and sugar content were higher in the group from which ethylene was removed than in the control group, and the acidity was higher in the control group. Furthermore, after 40 d, the control group showed a decay rate of 10%, whereas that of the group that underwent ethylene processing was only 1%.

The mechanism of the Beckmann rearrangement of acetophenone (a) and 1-phenyl-2-propanone (b) oximes in concd sulfuric acid was elucidated by means of NMR spectroscopy and the carbon-14 kinetic isotope effect. For (a), the postulated reactive species acetophenone oxime hydrogensulfate was detected, the absence of hydrolysis of the oxime during the course of the reaction being verified. Positive carbon-14 kinetic isotope effect at the phenyl-1, k12/k14=1.026 at 40 °C and 1.019±0.005 at 60 °C, confirmed a definite change in bonding of the phenyl-1 carbon in the transition state of the reaction. Concertedness of the rearrangement was thus established. For (b), sulfonation of the benzene ring prior to the rearrangement was observed, kinetic isotope effect study being found to be useless.

Bu), 29.81 ppm (z-Bu) (no other isomer detectable).Compound 5 was obtained by reaction of 10 mL of 1 M (10 mmol) B2H6 solution in THF with 0.63 g (3.8 mmol) of olefin at 0 °C for 3 h, addition of 20 mL of H20, 20 mL of 3 N NaOH, and 20 mL of H202 (30%), extraction with pentane (2 X 50 mL), and destination (57% yield).GLC showed the presence of two epimers (I and II) in 27 ± 4% and 73 ± 4% yields which were separated on a silica gel column (180 X 2.5 cm) with chloroform. Anal. (C12H240, I and II) C, H. NMR (CDC13) for I 0.94 (z-Bu); 3.83 ppm, 61/2 = 14 Hz (H,); for II 0.85 (Z-Bu); 3.98 ppm, é1/2 = 10 Hz (H"). 13C NMR (5-10% in CDC13 with 10% C6F6) C1-C10 for I 71.82,

The adsorption and plasma-catalytic oxidation of dilute ethylene were performed in a pin-type corona discharge-coupled Pd/ZSM-5 catalyst. The catalyst has an adsorption capacity of 320.6 µmol g −1 cat . The catalyst was found to have two different active sites activated at around 340 and 470 • C for ethylene oxidation. The removal of ethylene in the plasma catalyst was carried out by cyclic operation consisting of repetitive steps: (1) adsorption (60 min) followed by (2) plasma-catalytic oxidation (30 min). For the purpose of comparison, the removal of ethylene in the continuous plasma-catalytic oxidation mode was also examined. The ethylene adsorption performance of the catalyst was improved by the cyclic plasma-catalytic oxidation. With at least 80% of C 2 H 4 in the feed being adsorbed, the cyclic plasma-catalytic oxidation was carried out for the total adsorption time of 8 h, whereas it occurred within 2 h of early adsorption in the case of catalyst alone. There was a slight decrease in catalyst adsorption capability with an increased number of adsorption cycles due to the incomplete release of CO 2 during the plasma-catalytic oxidation step. However, the decreased rate of adsorption capacity was negligible, which is less than one percent per cycle. Since the activation temperature of all active sites of Pd/ZSM-5 for ethylene oxidation is 470 • C, the specific input energy requirement by heating the feed gas in order to activate the catalyst is estimated to be 544 J/L. This value is higher than that of the continuous plasma-catalytic oxidation (450 J/L) for at least 86% ethylene conversion. Interestingly, the cyclic adsorption and plasma-catalytic oxidation of ethylene is not only a low-temperature oxidation process but also reduces energy consumption. Specifically, the input energy requirement was 225 J/L, which is half that of the continuous plasma-catalytic oxidation; however, the adsorption efficiency and conversion rate were maintained. To summarize, cyclic plasma treatment is an effective ethylene removal technique in terms of low-temperature oxidation and energy consumption.

Kinetic isotope effects in the Hofmann rearrangement of phenyl-1-14C and carbonyl-14C labeled N-chlorobenzamides were measured in a sodium hydroxide solution at 15°C. The observed isotope effect on the phenyl-1-carbon is k 12⁄k14=1.0456±0.0012 and that on carbonyl-carbon is k 12⁄k14=1.0447±0.0006 These results strongly support a concerted mechanism for this rearrangement. Attempts have been made to correlate the isotope effect on phenyl-1-carbon to the r-value of the linear aromatic substituent-reactivity relationship in related 1,2-rearrangements.