Renal transplantation is the definitive treatment of chronic renal failure, and osteoporosis in patients after renal transplantation is caused by the use of high-dose corticosteroids, reduced renal function, and the use of immunosuppressant. While bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclastic activities, they are the drug of choice for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) becomes a problematic issue. There are few reports on BRONJ in patients after renal transplantation, so many oral bisphosphonates commonly prescribed in patients after renal transplantation to prevent osteoporosis have no warning of BRONJ. We analyzed the records of patients with BRONJ from January 2009 to December 2010. Among the patients with BRONJ, we selected patients who underwent transplantation of the kidney. Demographic data, drug-related factors, and clinical characteristics were evaluated using chart review. A total of 128 patients were categorized as having BRONJ, and there were 3 patients with a history of kidney transplantation. The average age was 54.6 years, and 2 victims were men. All patients received oral bisphosphonates for more than 2 years (range, 2-7 y; average, 58.6 mo). All patients had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of high-dose corticosteroids, and taking immunosuppressant drugs. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw occurred in the maxilla in all patients, which is classified as stage 3 because of the involved sinus. Extraction was the main provoking factor in all patients. In conclusion, even at a relatively young age, BRONJ in the maxilla can be developed by intake of oral bisphosphonate after kidney transplantation. Dental care for patients before and after undergoing renal transplantation should be emphasized to reduce the risk of BRONJ.

ObjectiveThe growth, carcass and retail cut yield records on 1,428 Hanwoo steers obtained through progeny testing were analyzed in this study, and their heritability and genetic relationships among the traits were estimated using animal models.MethodsTwo different models were compared in this study. Each model was fitted for different fixed class effects, date of slaughter for carcass traits and batch of progeny test live measurement traits, and a choice of covariates (carcass weight in Model 1 or backfat thickness in Model 2) for carcass traits.ResultsThe differences in body composition among individuals were deemed being unaffected by their age at slaughter, except for carcass weight and backfat thickness. Heritability estimates of body size measurements were 0.21 to 0.36. Heritability estimates of retail cut percentage were high (0.56 from Model 1 and 0.47 from Model 2). And the heritability estimates for loin muscle percentage were 0.36 from Model 1 and 0.42 from Model 2, which were high enough to consider direct selection on carcass cutability traits as effective. The genetic correlations between body size measurements and retail cut ratio (RCR) were close to zero. But, some negative genetic correlations were found with chest girths measured at yearling (Model 1) or at 24 months of age or with chest widths. Loin muscle ratio (LMR) was genetically negatively correlated with body weights or body size measurements, in general in Model 1. These relationships were low close to zero but positive in Model 2. Phenotypic correlation between cutability traits (RCR, LMR) and live body size measurements were moderate and negative in Model 1 while those in Model 2 were all close to zero.ConclusionTherefore, the body weights or linear body measurements at an earlier age may not be the most desirable selection traits for exploitation of correlated responses to improve loin muscle or lean meat yield.

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic trend on racing time of Thoroughbred racehorses in Korea, using a total of 209,725 racing records of 9,934 racehorses collection from January, 1990 to December, 2006. Phenotypic trends for all distances were negative at a rate of 0.148, 0.137, 0.137 and 0.139 second per race year for distances of 1,000m, 1,400m less than, 1,700m more than and overall dataset, respectively. Environmental trends were similar to phenotypic ones in all distances and trends in permanent environmental and jockey effects by race year were not found. Average genetic improvements for racing time were 0.037 and 0.030 second per race year at the 1,000m and overall dataset, respectively, which is low. But Genetic trends were decreased consistently. There is need to establish the genetic improvement program for quality of racehorses.