This study was carried out to investigate the sustainable agriculture of no-tillage technique including recycling of the ridge and the furrow of a field for following crops in Korea. No-tillage systems affect soil physical properties such as three phase (solid, liquid, and air phase) and distribution of soil granular. Solid ratio of subsoil in 3-year of no-tillage (NT) treatment was remarkably lower than that in conventional (CT, 2-year of no-tillage + 1-year of tillage) treatment, while air ratio of subsoil in NT remarkably increased. Bulk density of subsoil in NT remarkably decreased. Porosity of subsoil in NT remarkably increased. Deviation of air phase, bulk density, and porosity of top soil and subsoil in NT remarkably decreased in NT compared with CT. Solid phase ratio and liquid phase ratio in NT and CT had positive (+) correlation. Solid phase ratio and air phase ratio in NT and CT had negative (-) correlation, also liquid phase ratio and air ratio had negative (-) correlation. Bulk density and liquid ratio in soil had positive (+) correlation at top soil and subsoil in NT. Bulk density and air ratio in soil had negative (-) correlation in NT and CT. Porosity and liquid phase ratio had negative (-) correlation, r =1), the significant value was lower in NT than in CT. Porosity and air phase ratio had positive (+) correlation (r =1).

Organic grape was generally produced in rainshield or plastic greenhouse culture while most of fruits were produced in open field. But little attention has been given to soil properties with different culture facilities in organic grape cultivation. This study was conducted to investigate soil physico-chemical properties of organic grapes farms with different culture facilities and soil management practices. Organic fertilizer was main resource to manage soil at organic grapes farms. Organic grapes farms were applied with total amount of organic fertilizer at one time, either at basal or additional fertilization, whereas conventional grapes farms applied with split fertilization. Bulk density and penetration resistance of soil were lower at both rainshield and green manure-applied plastic greenhouse cultures than those at clean plastic greenhouse culture. Especially, in plastic greenhouse, sod culture with natural weed after green manure application was more effective than general sod culture in improving physical properties of the rhizosphere. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium tended to increase in the soils applied with green manure, and the difference of soil chemical properties were significant between rainshield and plastic greenhouse cultures. The optimum soil management was required in plastic greenhouse because pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cations reached over optimum range. Consequently, the ground cover management is the key factor to affect the chemical properties as well as soil physical properties extensively in plastic greenhouse. It is found that sod culture with natural weed after green manure application resulted in enhancement of utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium in soil in comparison with general sod culture.

No abstract

No abstract

This study was carried out to examine the influences of planting distance on growth and yield of organically grown turmeric. Turmeric planted in late April 27 th at Goksong started emerging in early June, 52 days after being planted. 60 days after planting, the emergence rate reached 98 to 100%. Their average plant height was 148～159cm, leaf numbers were 7.0～7.7 per plant, stem number per hill was 3.1～5.1, stem diameter was 31.2～31.5 mm. They showed peak growth rate in early to mid August. Plant height increased at planting distance 75 × 40 cm (planting density of 33,300 ea. per ha) compared to 75 × 60 cm, The yield increased at 75 × 40 cm and 90 × 30cm (planting density of 37,000 ea. per ha), compared to 75 × 50 cm (planting density of 26,600 ea. per ha) or 75 × 30 cm (planting density of 44,400 ea. per ha). Curcumin content increased in tumeric harvested at ovember 3 rd compared to those harvested at October 28 th or November 24 th .