This study focused on the roles of entrepreneurship and gender in the relationship between achievement motivation and entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, we tested a moderating role of gender and examined the moderated mediating role of entrepreneurship by gender in the relationship between achievement motivation and entrepreneurial intention. Based on the secondary data from the 2017 Korea Entrepreneurship Survey on 10,000 people, a conditional process model 15 (Hayes’ PROCESS macro) analysis was used to test the direct and indirect paths with respect to gender differences. The results indicate that the conditional direct effect of achievement motivation on entrepreneurial intention was not significant for women, but it was significant for men. Results also confirmed that the indirect effect of achievement motivation on entrepreneurial intention via entrepreneurship was stronger for women than for men. Therefore, the moderation hypothesis and the moderated mediation hypothesis were supported. The study contributes to the explanation of the black box between achievement motivation and entrepreneurial intention by emphasizing the role of gender as a moderator and entrepreneurship as a mediator of this relationship. This study focused on and confirmed the role of gender previously neglected in the relationship between achievement motivation and entrepreneurial intention and the role of entrepreneurship as a mediator to promote entrepreneurial activity among women. Therefore, this study extends existing research results by elaborating the relationship between achievement motivation and entrepreneurial intention.

This study analyses the effectiveness of vertical integration for motion pictures’ box office revenues and the moderating effects of environmental uncertainty on China’s film industry, where a market economy was introduced in 2002. We analyzed a sample of 1,824 films released between 2005 and 2016 using a PROCESS model. We found strong evidence that vertical integration positively influenced box office revenues, which were higher under greater environmental uncertainty post reforms than under relative stability. We also found films that (1) had major producers or distributors, (2) were based on intellectual property, (3) belonged to the action or fantasy genre, or (4) featured superstars performed better. This study demonstrates the current operating level of the market economy in China’s film industry and offers a unique, fresh dataset comprising almost all films released in Mainland China and produced by enterprises in Greater China.