A series of easily prepared BODIPY (BOD) derivatives bearing tetraphenylethene (TPE) groups at the 8-position (TPE-BOD), 2,6-positions ((TPE) 2 -BOD), and 2,6,8-positions ((TPE) 3 -BOD) are presented. Although these fluorophores are highly emissive in THF, they are weakly fluorescent in the 60% water-THF solution. (TPE) 2 -BOD and (TPE) 3 -BOD compounds are able to become highly emissive in solutions with higher water content due to the amorphous aggregate formation, which is associated with dynamic crystallization. In contrast, highly intense emission of (TPE)BOD in THF is smoothly quenched on decreasing the solvation.The role of TPE units on AIEE activity has been investigated with fluorescence spectroscopic studies by means of comparison experiments performed on a BODIPY derivative carrying only phenyl substituents at the 2 and 6 positions. Aggregate formation in these derivatives was also demonstrated by LB-film studies and theoretical calculations supported the AIEE effect in longer wavelengths due to an increased conjugation. SEM was used to examine the morphological structure of organized microcrystals in THFwater mixtures of variable composition. Aggregate dimensions, determined from DLS analyses, are also consistent with results reported for many well-known AIEE active chromophores. To imagine the nature of the amorphous aggregates in solutions confocal fluorescence microscopy was used. In the light of these results, (TPE) 2 BOD and (TPE) 3 BOD are presented as novel long-wavelength AIEE active compounds being highly emissive in both polar and nonpolar solvents, functioning according to transition from their highly soluble states to amorphous aggregate states.

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Background: Urethroplasty is the gold standard treatment procedure for male patients with urethral stricture and is becoming increasingly popular among urologists worldwide. Procedure success rates have risen with increased experience. Aims: Here we aimed to examine the results of urethroplasty in challenging cases of urethral stricture and its effect on sexual function. Patients and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the patients who had undergone urethroplasty after multiple failed direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIUs) from 2017 to 2020. All patients were monitored for a minimum of 12 months. Outcomes of urethroplasty were analyzed according to stricture location, length, and the number of prior DVIUs. Penile length and sensation, erectile, and ejaculatory function of the patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Results: The patient cohort consisted of 36 males with a mean age of 63 ± 3.2 years. The most prevalent stricture etiology was iatrogenic (83%). Patients who underwent three or more DVIUs before urethroplasty and stricture length >4 cm were included in the analysis. Accordingly, the overall success rate was 83% (30/36). When the success rate and the IIEF5 scores were assessed separately, there was no significant relationship between the number of DVIUs (P > 0.05). Similarly, no significant relationship was also found with the stricture length (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Appropriate and correctly applied surgical technique does not impair sexual activity, even in patients with severe urethral stricture, regardless of the length or location of the stricture and the number of prior endoscopic procedures.

Egyptian Journal of Botany http://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/ 21 I N the present research, we have highlighted the taxonomic and ecological aspects of cyanobacteria, identified from some less-explored geothermal springs of Jharkhand and Bihar in India, with respect to water temperature variations and other physicochemical parameters, which is still an understudied topic. In total, twenty six different cyanoprokaryotes were identified. Based on our observations, the Chatra hot spring of Jharkhand area was found to be rich in cyanobacterial diversity where eight different taxa were reported. Among the recorded taxa, Geitlerinema amphibium, Komvophoron cf. schmidlei, K. jovis and Leptolyngbya granulifera are rare cyanobacterial species with a limited geographical distribution inhabiting the Indian springs based on the previous studies and available literature on the hot springs of India. The correlation of the cyanobacterial species identified and water parameters was studied by redundancy analysis (RDA) under CANOCO 5.0. Moreover, sampling stations were added in the RDA analysis. As a result of the RDA, the total variation was 23,83333, and it is seen that the first two axes explain 47.39% of the total variance. RDA analysis results showed that values of pH, sulfate, and sodium ions were the most effective water factors affecting the distribution of the cyanobacterial taxa identified. Though the water temperature is an important factor controlling the distribution of cyanobacterial taxa inhabiting the thermal water habitats, it was not among the most important abiotic drivers according to the RDA analysis in this work.