The effects of flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, and ethephon treatment as soil drench on plant height and quantitative and other properties of native narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L.) plants grown in pots were investigated. When the plants were 7-10 cm tall, flurprimidol and paclobutrazol at 0, 1, and 2 mg/pot and ethephon at 0, 37.5, and 75 mg/pot were applied as soil drenches. The effects of plant growth retardant treatments on plant height, leaf length, time of flowering, number of flowers, and flower life were determined. In addition, quantitative measurements (leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf weight ratio, and stem weight ratio) were analyzed in native narcissus. When narcissus grown in pots in the greenhouse reached the sale stage, the plants were taken to the laboratory at 20 °C to evaluate the postproduction life and quality of pot plants. Flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, and ethephon shortened plant height. The shortest plant height was obtained from 2 mg/pot paclobutrazol; plant height was 5.42 cm, 65% shorter than the untreated controls. Chemical applications also shortened leaf length. The shortest leaf length (13.25 cm) was obtained from the 2 mg/ pot paclobutrazol treatment. The chemical treatment decreased the leaf area ratio and specific leaf area, but increased the leaf thickness and leaf weight ratio compared to the control plants. The effects of treatments on plant height continued in laboratory (home-office) conditions after production. The shortest plant height (9.5 cm) was obtained from the 2 mg/pot paclobutrazol treatment, whereas the height of untreated control plants was 24.25 cm during the postproduction life of pot plants.

We investigated the effect of paclobutrazol as preplant bulb soaks on plant heightof Iris x hollandica cv. ‘Frans Hals’ and ‘Blue Magic’cultivars which were grownin pots. Bulbs of iris were soaked into gibberellin inhibitor paclobutrazol solutionat 0, 15, 30 ppm before planting. Effect of paclobutrazol on the flowering time,flower diameter and length, leaf length, plant height, flower life, and chlorophyllcontent of leaves were determined. The shortest plant height was obtained from the‘Blue Magic’ cultivar treated with 30 ppm paclobutrazol which gave plants with11.3 cm, 68% shorter than untreated control. ‘Frans Hals’ cultivar treated with 30ppm paclobutrazol was 20.9 cm and 50% shorter than control. In ‘Blue Magic’ and‘Frans Hals’cultivars the lower dose of 15 ppm paclobutrazol were also effectiveon height control with 11.8 and 21.5 cm plant height, respectively. This gibberellininhibitor also shortened the leaf length of iris cultivars. Paclobutrazol treatmentsresulted in higher chlorophyll content per unit area in the leaves. The highestchlorophyll content (57.00 CCI) was obtained from the ‘Blue Magic’ iris treatedwith 30 ppm paclobutrazol, while the control plants had 32.70 CCI chlorophyll intheir leaves. Chlorophyll content of ‘Frans Hals’ treated with 30 ppm paclobutrazolwere 52.87 CCI, while control plants of this cultivar were 28.80 CCI. Plantsapplied with paclobutrazol resulted with smaller flower diameter compared to thecontrol plants of both cultivars. The smallest flower diameter was obtained from 30ppm paclobutrazol treatment with 38.83 mm in ‘Blue Magic’ iris while the controlof this cultivar was 99.63 mm. The flower diameter of ‘Frans Hals’ cultivar treatedwith 30 ppm paclobutrazol was 109.1 mm, while the control one was 112 mm.

Gladiolus is a perennial geophyte, semi-rustice herb and belongs to the Iridaceae family. Gladiolus is an important bulbous ornamental plant. It is used as cut flowers, garden and potted plants. Turkey, which is among the major gene centers of the world and has a special place in plant genetic diversity, has rich genetic resources of geophytes including Gladiolus. However, many plant genetic resources, including Gladiolus are under genetic erosion because of the environmental and other problems and therefore face with the danger of extinction. Turkey has one Gladiolus species in IUCN Red List category. This species is Gladiolus italicus and its Red list category is Least Concern (LC). Gladiolus italicus is distributed in Macaronesia, Mediterranean basin to central Asia. Also introduced and naturalized in California. It naturally grows in many parts of Turkey. The other Gladiolus species that are reported to be under threat in Turkey are; Gladiolus anatolicus, Gladiolus antakiensis, Gladiolus halophilus, Gladiolus humilis, Gladiolus micranthus. In addition to their potential usage as ornamental plants, their usage in phytomedicine due to the medical properties of the modified stems, leaves and in other related industries increases their importance. Therefore, it is very important to protect these genetic resources of Gladiolus.

Kum zambağı (Pancratium maritimum L.) Türkiye'de doğal olarak yetiştiği bilinen ve kayıt altına alınan tek Pancratium türü olup monokotiledonların bir grubu olan Amaryllidaceae familyasına aittir. P. maritimum L. çok yıllık bir Akdeniz bitkisidir. Ülkemizin kumlu sahillerinde doğal olarak yetişmektedir. Denizin hemen yanında yaşam alanı bulan P. maritimum, doğrudan deniz meltemlerine ve sürekli yüksek hava nemi ile güçlü radyasyona maruz kalan kuraklığa ve tuzluluğa dayanıklı bir bitkidir. Değişikliğe uğramış gövde şeklinde iri soğanlara sahip olan bitki kökleri kum içerisinde ortalama 80 cm derinliğe kadar inmektedir. Kendine döllenen kum zambağı Haziran-Ekim aylarında çiçeklenmektedir. Doğada nadir olarak bulunan kum zambağının doğal yaşam alanları olan sahillerin çoğunun plaj olarak kullanılması, çiçeklerinin koparılması ve soğanlarının toplanması nedeniyle neslinin tehlike altında olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu geofitin gösterişli ve kokulu beyaz çiçekleriyle peyzaj değeri yüksektir. Süs bitkisi olarak kullanım potansiyelinin yanında gıda, tekstil ve farmakolojide özellikle kanser, Alzheimer, AIDS gibi hastalıkların tedavisinde değerlendiriliyor olması önemini arttırmaktadır. Bu özelliklerin yanında P. maritimum biyoçeşitlilik yönünden de korunması gereken bir türdür. Bu derlemede ülkemizde doğal olarak yayılış gösteren P. maritimum türünün botanik, biyolojik ve tıbbi özellikleri ile süs bitkisi olarak kullanım potansiyeli yanında, türün nesline yönelik tehditlere ve ülkemiz açısından önemine yer verilmiştir. Different Properties and Importance of Pancratium maritimum Naturally Grown in Turkey A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Review ArticleReceived 12 September 2017 Accepted 28 November 2017Sea daffodil (Pancratium maritimum L.) is the only known Pancratium species that is naturally grown in Turkey, belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family, a group of monocotyledons. P. maritimum L. is a perennial Mediterranean plant. It grows naturally in the sandy coasts of Tukey. P. maritimum, which finds a living area right next to the sea, is a drought-tolerant plant that is exposed to direct sea breezes and strong radiation with constantly high air humidity. The roots of modified stem bulbs sink down to 80 cm in the sand. The self-fertilized Sea daffodil is flowering in June-October. It was reported that P. maritimum is one of the rare and endangered plants of Turkey because of usage natural habitats of sand lilies as coasts, excessive collection flowers and bulbs. The landscape value of this geophyte is high with white and fragrant flowers. In addition to their potential usage as ornamental plants, their usage in pharmacology especially in the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer and AIDS due to the medical properties of the modified stems and in other related industries increases their importance. It is also important to protect this genetic resource for biodiversity. In this review, botanical, biological and medicinal properties of P. maritimum as well as potential usage as ornamental plant, threats and importance of this sp...

Turkey, which is among the major gene centers of the world and has a special place in plant genetic diversity. However, many plant genetic resources, including geophytes, are under genetic erosion because of the environmental and other problems and therefore face with the danger of extinction. Lilium ciliatum is endemic to North East Anatolia. IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources) Red List Category of this species is Endangered (EN). Lilium ciliatum naturally grown in Zigana pass, Bayburt, Trabzon, Bulancak, Giresun and Gümüşhane is endangered and major threats of L. ciliatum are road construction and human disturbance related to ecotourism and recreation. It was reported that Lilium carniolicum naturally grown in Turkey is endangered although it isn’t in the IUCN Red List. Distribution areas of L. carniolicum are Trabzon, Rize, Artvin and it is also endemic to North East Anatolia. These species have high potential for use as ornamental plants with their colorful big flowers. In addition, the bulbs of these species are also used in the cosmetic industry and medicine. These are the main properties that increase the importance of L. ciliatum and L. carniolicum species. Therefore it is very important to protect the habitats of these species, ensure the continuity of their generations. The disappearance of these endemic species from our country means to disappear from the world. This review has been given in order to give some information about the endangered Lilium species of Turkey and conservation actions on these species in Turkey flora and take attention to the issue.