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This study empirically tested a conceptual model of the relationships between managerial coaching behavior and employee attitudes as well as performance-related outcomes in public organizations in two different countries through the use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Analyzing the data collected from United States ( N = 534) and South Korean ( N = 270) public employees, this study investigated how managerial coaching was mediated by role clarity that contributed to satisfaction with work and job performance. The current comparative study provides initial promise for generalizability of managerial coaching efficacy as well as evidence for potential culture difference in the effect of managerial coaching in the two countries.

There is little evidence regarding what makes managerial coaching effective. To explore this topic more deeply, we looked at coaching relationship and performance behavior. We examined the associations between managerial coaching and employee in-role performance, organizational citizenship behavior–individual (OCBI), and organizational citizenship behavior–organization (OCBO), with the mediating effect of manager’s trustworthiness as perceived by employees. Using 280 dyad surveys, we found that managerial coaching had a direct impact on employee performance behavior of OCBI and OCBO as well as employee perception of manager’s trustworthiness. Bootstrapping analytic findings revealed that managerial coaching also indirectly influenced employee in-role performance, OCBI, and OCBO through employee perception of manager’s trustworthiness. The current study findings offer an initial endorsement for coaching effectiveness in this largely uncharted topic area and further provide empirical support to the theoretical underpinnings of managerial coaching based on social exchange theory. Limitations are discussed and directions for future studies are suggested.

The Problem While managerial coaching becomes increasingly popular in both scholarly and practical circles, the line managers who need to execute this coaching may be neither capable nor interested in the coaching process. Furthermore, while the research on coaching seems promising, little is known about how to test the individual and environmental appropriateness of a coaching intervention. The Solution This review will inform and support evidence-based human resource development (HRD) professionals tasked with developing managers’ coaching capability. It is designed to help line managers who wish to enhance their managerial coaching practice. The Stakeholders This literature review and model will benefit organizations, HRD professionals, and line managers to determine whether coaching is an appropriate learning intervention for their context and at that particular time. Furthermore, if it is deemed appropriate, this review and resulting framework may aid in determining how practitioners should approach coaching within their organizational setting.