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Demand for relief increases after disasters. Some research suggests that the number of relief supplies required to satisfy the relief demanding after disasters is signi cantly higher than preliminary estimates, especially in low and lower-middle-income countries. So, this study was aimed to explore the reasons for relief overdemanding in the disaster response phase. In this qualitative content analysis study the managers of the National Disaster Management Organization (NDMO), the Iranian Medical Emergency and Accident Management Center, Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO) and the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS) were purposively sampled and invited to interview. The unstructured face-to-face interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using "constant comparison" and "microanalysis" methods. 21 agreed to participate and were interviewed. The interviews uncovered affected people-level factors such as the react to fear and anxiety and the unsatis ed demand due to improper distribution of facilities and crisis managers-level issues (e.g. facing people's dissatisfaction, incorrect or insu cient information and considering disaster as the opportunity to raise resources) as well as o cials-level determinants (e.g. advertising and excitement, the partisanship of o cials and low con dence on accident managers). Several factors in uencing the relief overdemanding exist in disaster management in Iran. Strengthening local management when responding to disasters and conducting e cient disaster need assessment can reduce relief overdemanding and vastly prevent wasting surplus resources in the affected area.

Background: Dignity therapy is a psychotherapy intervention whose main goal is to improve the quality of life, promote spiritual and psychological health, and reduce suffering in people with life-threatening diseases. Deteriorating health status is associated with low perceived dignity. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with growing concerns about the quality of health care.Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the perception of patients with COVID-19 about respecting their dignity in the hospital settings and related variables. Patients and methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021, on 206 patients with COVID-19 in hospitals. Patient Dignity Questionnaire (PDI) was used to collect data and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results:The mean age of the participants was 54.83 ± 14.98 years and the majority of them were male (67.5%). The mean score of overall perceived dignity was 69.76 ± 10.62 out of 125.Participants rated 7 out of 25 items as 3 or higher, indicating the importance of these items in the clinical setting. The highest and lowest mean scores were in the dependence (3.28 ± 0.55) and social support (1.49 ± 0.59) subscales, respectively. The mean dignity score was associated with the patients' educational level and gender (p = 0.012) (p = 0.065). Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 were concerned about respecting their dignity. Our patients were more concerned about the dimensions of symptom distress, existential distress, and dependence. Conducting training workshops on respecting human dignity in patients with COVID-19 can improve nurses' knowledge and skills in this area and promote respect for patient dignity.

Background and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship of communication skills with clinical self-efficacy and clinical competence in operating room students. Methods: This is a descriptive-correlational study. Participants were 100 operating room students from the School of Allied Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran in 2021, who were selected by a census method. To collect data, in addition to a demographic form (surveying age, sex, semester), Queendom communication skills test, perceived perioperative competence scale-revised, and clinical self-efficacy questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics (Percentage, Mean±SD) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, and ANOVA) were used in analyzing the data. Results: There was a significant and positive correlation between communication skills and clinical competence (r=0.478, P≤0.001) and between communication skills and clinical self-efficacy (r=0.445, P≤0.001). Conclusion: Communication skills of Iranian operating room students have a positive and significant relationship with their clinical self-efficacy and clinical competence. Considering the importance of communication skills in providing safe and high-quality patient care, attention should be given to the communication skills training of these students by the educational planners and managers.