Background: Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease. Detection of lipid profile in umbilical cord blood of term newborns could identify neonates with a higher risk of coronary artery disease. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to improve the existing information about cord blood lipid profile of Iranian term newborns. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy term neonates born from healthy mothers between August and October 2009 in Zanjan, Iran. Ten milliliters of cord blood was collected from the placental end of umbilical vein immediately after the cord clamping. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were measured by enzymatic GOD-PAP method with Pars Azmoon kits. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was measured after precipitation of Apo lipoproteins with phosphotungstic acid (PTA). Lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by Friedewald's formula. Statistical Analysis was performed by the SPSS statistical package version 16.0 for windows. Results: Of the 174 neonates, 97 were female. Vaginal delivery was recorded in 79.8%. There were no significant differences regarding demographic findings between male and female neonates. The mean values of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG were 73.1 ± 26.5, 28.7 ± 11.1, 27.6 ± 10, and 81.4 ± 37.1mg/dL respectively, with no difference between the two sexes. Conclusions: We found a relatively high value of TC and TG in our study. Considering the relationship between high levels of lipids in the neonatal period and coronary artery disease in the adult population, we recommend future cohort studies for this statistical society.

Aim of the study: An inverse correlation between excessive body weight and response to cholecalciferol in vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been reported but no adjusted or conventional dose and treatment period has universally been recommended by the paediatric guidelines for obese children. In this study, we explored the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in treatment of children with VDD based on their body mass index (BMI) and different levels of initial serum 25(OH)D. Material and methods: In a single-centre, prospective, open label non-randomized trial in 255 subjects, baseline serum 25(OH)D was measured and different doses of oral D3 prescribed accordingly. Serum D 3 was measured at the end of the treatment period. All statistical analyses were conducted using the statistical package SPSS and p values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The response rate to vitamin D supplementation was associated with the patients' BMI characteristics. 25(OH)D levels normalized in 97.7% and 92.7% of the non-obese and obese subjects, respectively. In subjects with BMI ≥ 85 th percentile, there was a lower increase in vitamin D levels after treatment than those with a BMI < 85 th percentile. Evaluating the efficacy of the therapeutic dosage of cholecalciferol as per different categories of vitamin D levels, we observed the highest increase in the level of serum D 3 in the severely deficient D 3 category of both obese and non-obese groups. Conclusions: There is an inverse correlation between high Body Mass Index and response to treatment with vitamin D supplementation, suggesting a higher dose of vitamin D for the optimal treatment of vitamin D deficiency in obese children.

Objectives Renal anomalies are the most common fetal abnormalities that occur during prenatal development, and are typically detected by observing hydronephrosis on fetal ultrasound imaging. Follow-up with post-natal ultrasound is important to detect clinically-important obstruction, because many of the pre-natal abnormalities resolve spontaneously. This study aimed to evaluate the postnatal hydronephrosis follow-up rate, and reasons for non follow-up in affected neonates. Methods In this cross-sectional study all neonates born during a period of one year at Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital with hydronephrosis on fetal ultrasound imaging were recruited. All mothers were also given face-to-face information about fetal hydronephrosis and its postnatal outcomes, and follow-up with at least a postnatal ultrasound was recommended from the fourth day of their neonates’ birth until the end of the fourth week. The neonates were subsequently observed for one month to determine the postnatal ultrasound follow-up rate and to reflect on diagnostic test results, reasons for failure to follow-up, as well as causes of hydronephrosis. Results In this study, 71 cases (1.2%) out of 5,952 neonates had fetal hydronephrosis on prenatal ultrasound images. The postnatal ultrasound imaging showed kidney involvement in 18 neonates (25%), particularly in the left kidney (61.1%). Seven neonates had no follow-up at one month (10%). No significant relationship was found between lack of follow-up and the neonates’ place of residence (p=0.42), maternal education (p=0.90), number of siblings (p=0.33), or gender (p=0.64). Conclusions Postnatal ultrasound follow-up rate in these neonates with a history of fetal hydronephrosis was incomplete even though parents had been provided with education and advice at their birth time. Accordingly, it is recommended to perform postnatal ultrasound once neonates are discharged from hospitals.