BackgroundBeta-lactam antibiotics have long been used to treat bacterial infections, but resistance to these antibiotics is now a concern. Overuse and misuse of these antibiotics have caused difficulties in treating many infectious diseases (1). Production of beta-lactamase enzymes among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli is one of these concerns. E. coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and some nosocomial infections such as sepsis, wound infection, gastroenteritis and neonatal meningitis. Antibiotic resistance of E. coli has been reported worldwide and its resistance to antibiotics has raised a great deal of concern in both developing and developed countries. Therefore, identification of the antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli is highly important from clinical perspective (2).Production of beta-lactamase enzymes is the most common resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria. This enzyme hydrolyzes beta-lactam drugs such as cephalosporins and penicillins. Over the past two decades, new beta-lactam antibiotics have been developed that are specifically resistant to beta-lactamase enzymes. However, gram-negative bacteria have developed new strategies to inactivate these novel antibiotics by producing new beta-lactamases such as AmpC, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). AmpC β-lactamases that are called cephalosporinase are also partially capable of hydrolyzing other betalactams. These enzymes hydrolyze broad-spectrum cephalosporins such as ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, and monobactams (i.e., aztreonam and cephamycin), but they are not inhibited by common inhibitors such as clavulanate (3).ESBLs are enzymes that, in addition to resistance to penicillins, mediate the development of resistance to a wide range of cephalosporins (e.g., ceftazidime,

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Using building information modeling (BIM ) method in architecture can reduce costs and time of project and satisfaction of beneficiaries is provided. By the process in BIM, we can create three-dimensional modeling of building volumes and by the aid of all beneficiaries and executive authorities in project life cycle, we can achieve the best result. The integration and benefits sharing in this method caused that the best quality is considered at proper time and cost. Creating a systematic view in design of a building in which all internal and external beneficiaries can use project executing is a good goal. This study introduced BIM and its application in design and the impact of its use on achieving digital and sustainable architecture of buildings. The introduction of various components of this method with analytical and descriptive approach by evaluation of students all around the world can have a good view of this technique. The increase of perception of authorities of this industry of new technologies of digital design and BIM can improve the culture of construction works in the country and increase economic power. In case of using BIM from the beginning of designing a building and integrating it with digital architecture, we can expect better performance of buildings.