Many questions have been raised about the thermal-mechanical development of plate tectonics boundary interactions, lithospheric processes, mantle activity, movement of faults, continental thinning, and generally the heat beneath our feet. The earthquake waves are originating in the Earth’s crust or upper mantle, which ricochet around the earth's interior and traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions, and more slowly through hotter rocks. In this paper, in order to identify and describe the Caucasus territory Hot-Cold spots and better understand the regional tectonic activities based on the fast and slow wave velocity anomalies, the 2D tomographic maps of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves were imaged. To obtain these maps in the ever-evolving collision zone of the Eurasian-Arabic plates, we performed a 2D-linear inversion procedure on the Rayleigh wave in a period ranging from 5 to 70 s (depth ~200 km). To conduct this, ~1500 local-regional earthquakes (M≥3.7) recorded by the 48 broadband-short period stations from 1999 to 2018 were used. In this study, we assumed that the low-velocity tomography images or dark red-orange shades indicate hot spots (slow-regions) and high-velocity or dark blue-green-yellow shades imply cold spots (fast-regions). Therefore, by using the technique of increasing-decreasing the velocity anomaly in a wide area with complicated tectonic units the hot-zones and extensive cold-aseismic areas were described and investigated. Hence, for short-periods (5≤T≤25 s; 6.6≤depth≤30.8 km) 15 hot spots were determined. The result for medium-periods (30≤T≤45 s) show two hot spots with a depth of ~108 km. In long-periods (depth ~200 km), most part of the study area has covered by ultra-low-velocity anomaly as a permanent hot spots.

In this study, a simple Simulink model was designed and presented which can describe the overall operation of seismograph based on the desired input and output response.By converting Laplace to seismograph equations and by defining Numerator and Denominator fractions to Num. and Den. (Numerator and Denominator) transfer WWSSN (World-Wide Standard Seismographic Network) functions, the changeability of pole-zero was taken into consideration which indicates the stability and instability of the system layout with respect to pole - zero layout. In fact, the poles and zeros are placed in the seismograph response based on frequency, amplitude and phase (FAP) and are analyzed well. Through this method can also be used to study seismograph transfer function to predict the seismograph output in environments with different seismic noise and to select the most appropriate value for the parameters controlling the output of the device.

In order to identify and describe Hot-Cold spots inside the earth based on increasing and decreasing wave velocity anomalies, this paper attempts to generate the first 2D tomographic maps of Rayleigh surface wave velocity dispersion curves, by using ~1200 local-regional earthquake data and ~30000 vertical (Z) components of earthquake data waveform energy with magnitude M≥4 from 1999 to 2018 in a periods range of 5 to 70 seconds and a grid spacing of 0.2º×0.5º for a depth of ~200 km. To conduct this, a generalized 2D linear inversion procedure developed by Yanovskaya and Ditmar has been applied to construct the first 2D Rayleigh tomography velocity maps in order to understand better the regional tectonic activities in the enigmatic ongoing collision-compressed edge zone of the Eurasian-Arabic plates. In this study, we assumed that low-velocity (slow) region with dark red shade is hot spot and high-velocity (fast) region with dark blue-green-yellow is a cold spot. In short and medium periods were determined the number of 15 and 2 hot spots with a depth of 7 to 108 km, respectively. In long-periods and a depth of ~200 km, most part of the area study has covered by low-velocity anomaly.

This paper presents the fundamental role of the distribution of ray paths in the resolution of 2D tomographic images through the Love wave signals processing in our case study. To conduct this, we performed a 2D-linear inversion procedure on the Love wave dispersion curves and more than approximately ~25000 vertical Love wave component (Z) signals for a period range of 5 to 70 s were processed. Then, the fluctuations in resolution parameters of the 2D tomographic images include the stretching (ε) of the averaging area (L) and data density for the short-mediumlong periods were imaged and described. The results show that the resolution of tomography images is directly dependent on dense ray paths. So that, for long periods (long distances), the image resolution decreases due to the reduction of ray paths. The obtained 2D tomography images at periods of T= 5-70 s (depth-distance ~180 km) reveal that the density distribution of the signal source (transmitter-receiver of the beams or rays) and the number of ray paths in each period controls the resolution intensity and its parameters.