Background: Medical personnel, especially nurses, are at the forefront of the global COVID-19 epidemic. This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the level of health anxiety in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed on the 340 nurses working in 3 selected educational and medical centers affiliated with Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The participants were selected through census method in April and May 2020. The instrument used was the Health Anxiety Inventory. It includes 18 items in 3 subdomains. Descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean (SD) total health anxiety score of nurses was 24.68 (4.30), and 91.76% of participants had moderate health anxiety. Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between health anxiety level and the demographic variables of gender (Z = −4.54, p < 0.001), marital status (χ 2 3 = 32.54, p < 0.001), parenting (Z = −4.16, p < 0.001), family relationships (Z = −2.30, p = 0.020), work experience (χ 2 4 = 19.32, p < 0.001), and the workplace (χ 2 2 = 41.24, p < 0.001) Conclusions: The results showed that the level of health anxiety of nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients was moderate. Therefore, it is recommended that the necessary measures be taken to manage health anxiety in this group.

Observance of patients' rights is a significant indicator in evaluating the quality of healthcare services. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global crisis and affected the interactions between healthcare providers and patients. This study examined the COVID-19 patients’ viewpoint about the observance of their rights by physicians and nurses. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional work of research conducted on the COVID-19 patients in Zanjan Province, Iran, in September 2020. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling, and data was collected using a two-section questionnaire consisting of a demographic characteristics survey and a Likert-type scale for evaluating patients' rights observance. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were found to be acceptable, and the collected data was analyzed in SPSS v.26 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and ANOVA test. The mean score of observance of patients' rights was 69.60±7.36, representing a moderate level. The highest and lowest scores for the observance of patients' rights were related to the dimensions of courteous communication and responsibility, respectively. A significant relationship was found between the observance of patients’ rights and their marital status, health insurance, and education level (P<0.05). This study showed that the observance of the COVID-19 patients' rights has not been affected by the social agitation caused by this disease.

Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) are very likely to leave the profession due to their obligation to work in critical situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ethical work climate and the intention to leave the service among EMTs. In this descriptive correlational study, 315 EMTs working in Zanjan province were surveyed using the census method in 2021. The research tools included the Ethical Work Climate and the Intention to Leave the Service questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. We found the mean (SD) score of the organization's ethical workclimate to be 73.93 (±12.53), and the intention to leave the service12.54 (±4.52), which are at a moderate level.A statistically significant positive correlation existed between thesevariables (r = 0.148, P = 0.017). Also, there was a statisticallysignificant relationship between age and employment status amongthe demographic variables, and the ethical work climate and the intention to leave (P < 0.05).Our findings indicate that ethical work climate is one of the influential but less noticed factors that affect the performance of EMTs. Therefore, it is suggested that managers implement measures to develop a positive ethical work climate to reduce the tendency to leave the service among EMTs.

Background & Objective: The use of traditional clinical evaluation methods is one of the most critical challenges in obtaining professional competence and self-efficacy in clinical performance. This study aims to investigate the clinical self-efficacy of final-year nursing students by comparing a 360-degree evaluation method with a conventional evaluation method.Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 65 final-year nursing students at Abhar School of Nursing who were selected by census method and randomly divided into two control and experimental groups. In the beginning, the participants completed the clinical self-efficacy questionnaire then a briefing session was held for the experimental group. In the next step, a clinical evaluation of the experimental group was performed using the 360degree standard form for two weeks. Furthermore, a routine evaluation method was used for the control group. At the end of the internship, both groups completed the clinical self-efficacy questionnaire again. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 25) using ANOVA, paired, and independent t-tests.Results: It was shown that the total self-efficacy score of the students in the experimental group increased after implementing the 360-degree method (P=0.003). Moreover, the clinical selfefficacy scores in the control and experimental groups revealed that the scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.024). Conclusion:According to these findings, the use of the 360-degree evaluation method positively promotes students' clinical performance self-efficacy. Therefore, it is suggested that educational managers consider this evaluation method more and more as a comprehensive, appropriate, and efficient method for clinical courses.

Motor learning or the acquisition of coordination is a process of searching for stable functional coordination patterns, into which a system can settle during a task or activity. Human as complex creatures can choose the best pattern based on conditions within different coordination patterns and also achieve goals of tasks. So the purpose of this study is to determination the effect of a Nonlinear Pedagogy approach for the effectiveness of the movement and acquisition of skills. Accordingly, in this study 14 participants (with the average 19.64 and SD 0.74) are taught the short backhand serve of badminton with using linear and nonlinear pedagogy approaches. Linear approach Based on traditional Viewpoint using the descriptive methods and repetive instructions. On the other hand, nonlinear Pedagogy Approach Based on the ecological dynamics theory using manipulation of task constraints especially task constraints including equipment and rules Planned and conducted. Performance accuracy were selected to analyze further selections and used analysis of covariance to measure the effect of the independent variable measured. The test significance level was considered P <./ 05. Despite the progress of both groups to the pre-test, no difference was observed between the two groups in accuracy scores (F=0.092 and p=0.767) and both were equal to achieve results of the task as an indicator of skill acquisition. Our findings indicate that nonlinear pedagogy approach, resulted from theory of ecological dynamics, consider the complexity of Acquisition the skill and inherent tendency of individuals with providing movement affordances. Also, this approach can be effective in the fulfilment of goal tasks.