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Friction stir welding (FSW) as a solid state joining process is being known recently by many industries due to its capability to reduce defects, energy efficient, and environment friendly compared with conventional techniques. Specifically, FSW can be used to join highstrength aluminum alloys like 7XXX and 2XXX which are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. In this review paper, the elementary principles of FSW, parameters, and the effect of the FSW parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties are addressed. Although this process has a lot of advantages compared with fusion techniques, however, many problems still remain unsolved related to poor mechanical properties of weldment's heat affected zone (HAZ). In this regard, the impact of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on improvement of joint properties is addressed. Finally, appropriate parameters and factors for achieving the best condition of the weld is discussed.