Motivation 1 1.2. Objectives 2 1.3. Scope 2 1.4. Research road map 3 1.5. Thesis organization 3 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1. Introduction to microlenses and fabrication techniques 5 2.1.1. Direct Machining of lenses 5 2.1.2. Micro molding 7 2.1.2.1. Micro mold 9 2.1.3. Lithographic techniques 10 2.1.4. Direct printing methods 12 2.2. Introduction to fiber optics 13 2.3. DOE (Design Of Experiments) 14 2.3.1. Rules and Methods of Analysis 15 2.3.2. Factorial designs 15 2,3.3. Fractional factorial and one factor at a time experimental design 17 2.3.4. Taguchi L-type orthogonal arrays 18 2.3.5. Strategies for Choosing the method and number offactors 19 2.4. Rheology of polycarbonate 20 2.4.1. Mechanical models of Polymers 2.4.2. Important parameters in rheological characterization 2.5. Lens characterization methods 2.5.1 Geometrical Characterization 2.5.1.1. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) 266 2.5.1.2. White light confocal microscopy 266 2.5.1.3. Contact profilometry 2.5.2. Optical characterization 278 2.6