No abstract

This study was conducted to determine the e ect of levamisole and vitamin E on humoral and cell-mediated immunity of broilers. Total of one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross ), were randomly distributed to experimental groups included control, vitamin E ( mg/kg diet), . aqueous levamisole ( mg/kg BW). Vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI; H N ) were performed. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against both vaccines were determined on serum samples at days and . Chicks were injected into breast muscle with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at and days. Blood samples were drawn at days after the first and the second injections. The antibody levels against SRBC were measured by hemagglutination test. The cell-mediated immunity was determined via phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Antibody titers against AI, ND, total anti-SRBC at day and IgM at and days of age were not a ected by the treatments ( . ). Although cell-mediated immune responses by DNCB ( day) and PHA ( day), total anti-SRBC antibody, IgG and IgG/IgM ratio ( day) ( . ), IgG and IgG/IgM ratio ( day) ( . ), were a ected by some of the used treatments. In conclusion, taking into account the public urge in withdrawn of chemicals, interest in nutraceuticals in animal production and observed results, use of extract and vitamin E as immunomodulator feed adjuncts needs further study.