The purpose of this research is to explore some challenges that hospital disaster managers face in dealing with natural disaster events. In such events, it is crucial that hospitals remain safe and functional during and after the disaster; thus, hospitals at all levels need to plan for natural disasters and be aware of the requirement to remain in an operational condition both during and after any event. Evidence from around the world suggests that the malfunctioning of hospitals during a disaster have extensive impacts on both inbound and outbound patients; as such, disaster preparedness is a significant concern for hospital disaster managers. Hospital disaster management is important because of the critical services that healthcare facilities provide for injured people and existing patients. Therefore, developing a good management system for natural disaster events can help to ensure better efficiency and economy in the use of facilities and human resources within hospitals. Although appropriate disaster management can mitigate the impact of natural disasters in hospitals, there are some barriers that can prevent the effective management of these facilities in such events. For this study, secondary information was retrieved from the Internet and via academic database on sudden-onset natural disasters, and it was found that the: awareness, knowledge, disaster preparedness of hospital staff; allocation of building codes, and the relocation of buildings to higher levels, need be improved. Also, equipping health care facilities at the time of natural disaster events is important. To manage the challenges facing hospital disaster managers, a national strategy for the disaster management planning for hospitals is required.

Among the main concerns of water companies is to maintain the optimal performance of pipes in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs); this is achieved by activities such as renewal works, maintenance actions, pressure management, and other improvement operations. Accordingly, determining the risk associated with pipes is useful when planning such renewal works. In this study, a model is developed to determine a Pipe Renewal Strategy (PRS) based on the Risk Components (RCs) of each pipe. Hence, comprehensive criteria relating to pipe characteristics are assessed to determine the RCs. The developed model is based on a fuzzybased, multi-criteria decision-making method, known as RC-WDSR (Risk Component-based Water Distribution System Rehabilitation). This is an improved version of the WDSR model, which was presented in 2018 by the authors of this study. To investigate the accuracy of the analysis of this model, two known WDNs -Anytown and Two-loop -were examined. The results indicate that the PRSs determined for the Anytown network reflects the pipe renewal priorities obtained from the WDSR model. Furthermore, in the Two-loop network, the PRSs obtained corresponded with the technical conditions of the pipes. Hence, it reveals that the results of the RC-WDSR are reliable when determining PRSs in WDNs.