BackgroundPopulation-based studies for prevalence of metabolic syndrome (M.S) in children and adolescents are relatively rare. The aim of this study was to assess the Prevalence of M.S and correlated factors among children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in Ahvaz.MethodsIn this descriptive-analytical population- based study, 2246 children and adolescents, 10–19 years old (1113 male and 1133 female) in Ahvaz, were evaluated. Anthropometry, biochemical measurement and blood pressure (BP) were assessed. Modified ATP III criteria 2005 were used for M.S. definition. Center for disease and Control preventions (CDC) percentile were applied to define cut off points of waist circumference and BP.ResultsPrevalence of M.S. was 9% (95% CI: 8-10%) with prevalence in male 11% (95% CI: 10-12%) and female 7% (95% CI 6-8%). Among individuals with M.S, triglyceride (TG) and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were the most common components (33.5% and 24.1%, respectively). Prevalence of M.S was higher in overweight persons comparing to participants with at risk and normal weight group (in male: 24.1%, 14.3% and 9.9% respectively P = 0.0001), (in female: 22.6%, 18.3% and 4.5% respectively P = 0.0001). Among the correlated factors of M.S age (P = 0.0006), sex and BMI (P = 0.0001) had significant differences between subjects with and without M.S. whereas there was no significant difference between two groups in ethnicity, history of breast fed, birth weight neonatal ICU admission, maternal history(GDM, gestational HTN, Parity) and family history of HTN, obesity and DM (P > 0.05).ConclusionThis study shows high prevalence of M.S in Children and Adolescents in south west of Iran (Ahvaz) especially in overweight persons.

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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a threat to public health. People with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, are at a greater risk of severe diseases and death upon contracting this new disease. Due to the novelty of COVID-19, no specific information is available about the degree of its mortality and risk factors among diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aims to compare diabetic and nondiabetic COVID-19 patients regarding mortality rate, the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive and noninvasive ventilation, and the associated risk factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on the medical records of 650 adult COVID-19 patients (325 diabetics and 325 nondiabetics) admitted to Razi Hospital in Ahvaz from March 2020 to September 2020. Results: The mean age of the patients was 61.3 years in the diabetic group and 52.3 years in the nondiabetic group. Men comprised 48.3% of the diabetic group and 59.7% of the nondiabetic group. Diabetic patients suffered from significantly more underlying diseases, such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension (HTN), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and acute renal failure (ARF) compared to the nondiabetic group ( p < 0.0001). Also, when compared with the nondiabetic group, the diabetic group had a significantly higher mortality rate (17.5% vs. 12%; p = 0.047, respectively), more ICU admissions (35.4% vs. 27.7%; p = 0.035, respectively), and a greater need for invasive ventilation (17.5% vs. 11.4%; p = 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: In diabetic patients, the mortality rate, need for ICU admission, and need for invasive ventilation were significantly higher than nondiabetic patients. Our logistic regression analysis in diabetic patients with COVID-19 showed that age, CKD, and ARF were the risk factors affecting mortality. In contrast, age and CKD were the risk factors affecting the rate of ICU admission, and CKD and ARF were the risk factors affecting the need for invasive ventilation.

Background: Type 2 diabetes has a high prevalence and a growing trend. The use of a proper diet treatment is one of the therapeutic approaches of patients. The use of the soy has shown the effective results in glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes; however, data are paradoxical. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of soy nuts on glycemic control, blood pressure and lipid profile and insulin-resistance of the diabetic patients. Methods: In this case-control study 69 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into two groups: intervention (n = 35) and control (n = 34). The patients in the intervention group substituted 60 grams of soy nuts as a part of the daily protein requirement for eight weeks. In contrast, the patients in the control group received usual diet of diabetes (no soy). The drugs received by patients had not been changed during the intervention period. Before and at the end of the intervention, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin levels, insulin-resistance, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) and total cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) were measured in the patients. Insulin-resistance was calculated by Homeostatic model assessment-IR formula (HOMA-IR). Results: Soy consumption significantly lowered FPG (P = 0.03), HbA1c (P < 0.01), plasma insulin levels (P = 0.01), insulin-resistance (P = 0.01), total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and LDL-c (P = 0.01), but did not have any significant effect on systolic blood pressure (P = 0.4), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.2), HDL-c (P = 0.4) and TG (P = 0.2). Conclusion: Consumption of soy nuts in type 2 diabetic patients * Corresponding author. A. Sedaghat et al. 2 can cause an improvement in the glycemic control and insulin-resistance, and the lipid profile does not have any significant effect on blood pressure.