Teratoid Wilms tumor (TWT) is a variant of Wilms tumor. 30 cases have been reported so far. The extrarenal TWT variant has only been 5 in number. We are reporting a case of retroperitoneal TWT in a 6-year-old female child with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Aim: This study aims to analyze the clinical spectrum, severity of anemia, challenges in arranging cross matched blood in the emergency department (ED), and treatment outcomes of children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted in the tertiary care pediatric ED between October 2019 and September 2021. All direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-positive children were included in the study and those DAT negative were excluded from the study. The details regarding clinical condition, laboratory parameters, history of previous transfusion, difficulties related to cross-matching, requirement of steroid, and intensive care management were documented. Results: A total of 29 children were diagnosed to have AIHA. The most common clinical feature at diagnosis was fever (72.4%) followed by pallor (51.7%). Cross-matching was difficult for 9 children (31%) due various incompatibilities. Ten children required intensive care. Secondary causes were identified in 25 cases. Mortality was 10%. Conclusion: Identifying secondary causes of pediatric AIHA are essential and larger data from multiple centers will contribute toward creating the best clinical approach and emergency management of children with AIHA.
Introduction: Treatment for breast cancer is based on the expression of the immunomarkers such as ER, PR and HER2/neu. Cases which are negative to all the three immunomarkers, are called Triple Negative Breast Cancers (TNBC) and they have a poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that some of the TNBCs express cytokeratins CK 5/6 (subcategorizing them as basal-like breast cancers) and these respond well to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Aim and Objectives: To study the expression of basal cytokeratins CK 5/6 in breast carcinomas reported in our centre and to correlate with histological type, grade, size, clinical features and ER, PR and HER2/neu status. Methods: Tissues of 44 cases of breast carcinoma diagnosed between June 2009 and May 2014 were retrieved. Immunohistochemical staining for CK 5/6 was done and it was correlated with parameters such as histopathological type, grade, size, invasion and ER, PR and HER2/neu status.
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