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In this paper, a highly sensitive diabetes detection sensor based on photonic crystal fiber-gold plasmonic material is designed, proposed and analyzed. In this sensor, the application of a gold thin film increases the operating wavelength range (400 nm–1200 nm). The analyte, which is the cell, is placed outside the sensor and makes it easy to fabricate. The proposed sensor detects healthy and diabetic cells based on the refractive indices. Moreover, full-transistor modeling is presented to detect the probability of diabetes. In this model, healthy persons, persons with a low risk of diabetes and persons with a high risk of diabetes are diagnosed. Numerical results show that the proposed biosensor has a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 2127.7 RIU−1, amplitude resolution of 4.69 × 10−6 RIU, maximum wavelength sensitivity of 21 000 nm RIU−1 and wavelength resolution of 4.76 × 10−7 RIU.