Objective: During the last years, different prevalences of dental pulps had been reported from different parts of the world. Combining these original estimates will provide useful information for policymaking in the field of health, treatment and research. This study aims to estimate the global prevalence of pulp stones.Methods: Electronic databanks such as PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, Cochrane, and also Google scholar motor engine were searched by 2 researchers using related keywords. The heterogeneity between the results was assessed using Cochrane and I 2 indices. The initial estimates were represented by forest plot and were combined according to random effects models. Factors responsible for heterogeneity were investigated using meta-regression models, and studies responsible for heterogeneity were assessed following sensitivity analysis.Results: Prevalence of pulp stones had been reported in 16 studies including 14 093 subjects.The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of pulp stones among the total population, men and women were estimated as of 36. 53% (27.17-45.88), 32.58% (24-41.15), and 39.23% (28.73-49.73), respectively. In addition, of 193 687 teeth investigated during the primary studies, 9.57% (95% confidence interval: 7.05-12.08) were affected by pulp stones. Conclusion:Our meta-analysis shows a considerable prevalence of pulp stones, especially among women. K E Y W O R D Sdental, meta-analysis, prevalence, pulp stone are required for establishing appropriate treatment planning. Metaanalysis is a reasonable technique combining the results of primary studies. This study aims to estimate the total prevalence of pulp stones and its related factors in the world.

Background: Radiotherapy is used as one of the most effective regimens for cancer treatment, while radioresistance is a major drawback in cancer treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitizing effect of olanzapine (OLA) with X-ray on glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells death. Methods: The synergistic killing effect of OLA with ionizing radiation (IR) on glioma was evaluated by colony formation assay. The generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl (PC) as oxidized protein were determined in OLA and irradiated cells. Results: The results of this study showed that OLA reduced the number of colonies in irradiated glioma cells. OLA elevated ROS and PC levels in irradiated cells. The synergistic killing effect of OLA with IR in U-87 MG cell was observed at concentrations 1 µM and 20 µM of OLA. The maximum radiosensitizing effect of OLA was observed at concentration of 20 µM. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that OLA has radiosensitizing effect on cell death induced by IR in glioma cells.