Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS) is persistent pain and disability following lumbar laminectomy which is associated with decreased quality of life and disability and has been reported in up to 40% of the patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy. Several approaches have been introduced to reduce the rate of the FBSS. Among these, applying anti-adhesive barrier gels have been studied with interest with controversial results. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of anti-adhesive barrier gels on functional outcome and recurrence of patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery. We searched databases including EMBASE, PUBMED, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and scholar databases until November 2019. To assess the heterogeneity across included studies was used Cochran's Q and I-square (I 2 ) statistics. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI between were used to estimate pooled effect sizes. Out of 4507, 10 clinical trials found to be appropriate for current meta-analysis. The pooled results of included clinical trials indicated that adhesion barrier gel significantly decreased leg pain (LP) (SMD ¼ À0.31; 95% CI, À0.60, À0.03; P ¼ 0.032; I 2 : 59.2%) among patients with lumbar disc herniation surgery. Back pain (BP) (SMD ¼ À0.03; 95% CI, À0.23, 0.16; P ¼ 0.734; I 2 : 40.2%), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) (SMD ¼ À0.11; 95% CI, À0.27, 0.05; P ¼ 0.178; I 2 : 0.0%), were not significantly affected following adhesion barrier gel application. Application of adhesion barrier gel in single level lumbar disc surgery is associated with deceased leg pain. However, its application does not affect the low back pain, disability and gate. Further, larger randomized clinical trials are required.