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No significant differences in the anatomical or functional results are found between 3+PRN and 1+PRN regimens in the patients receiving ranibizumab for ME secondary to BRVO. Intact IS/OS and baseline BCVA are good predictor of the visual gain, while baseline CMT is a good predictor of the anatomical gain.

Aim To compare pupillary responses in patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) during active infection and at 3rd months post-infection. Methods This study included 58 COVID-19 cases (mean age 47.23 ± 1.1 years). The scotopic, mesopic and photopic diameters were noted. Pupil diameters were noted at the 0, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th seconds in reflex pupil dilation after the termination of a light. The average dilation speed was calculated at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th seconds. Pupil responses measured during COVID-19 infection and 3 months later were compared. Results The mean scotopic and mesopic pupil diameter value of during COVID-19 infection was found lower than the 3rd month post-infection. ( p = 0.001, p = 0.023; respectively). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean photopic pupil diameter and the mean pupil diameter at 0 s between measurements ( p > 0.05, p = 0.734; respectively). The mean pupil diameter was significantly lower during COVID-19 infection at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th seconds ( p < 0.01, for each). The average dilation speed measurements at every second measured were lower in during COVID-19 infection than the 3rd months later ( p = 0.001; p < 0.01 for each). Conclusions Pupil responses were found significantly different in COVID-19 cases when compared with the measurements taken three months later.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a coexisting epiretinal membrane (ERM) on the treatment outcomes of a dexamethasone implant (DI) in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients. Methods: One hundred five eyes of 78 DME patients (44 F, 34 M; mean age: 65.7) treated with minimum 2 DIs were enrolled into this retrospective study. The study population was divided into the ERM (+) study group and the ERM (-) control group. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, and central macular thicknesses (CMTs) were evaluated at baseline and months 1, 2, and 3 after each DI treatment. Results: Both groups were comparable in baseline BCVA, CMT, HbA1c levels, and age. In the study group (n: 49), BCVA changed following the first DI from 0.83 to 0.76 and from 0.97 to 0.80 following the second DI. CMT decreased after the first DI from 465 to 377 m (P < 0.001) and from 477 to 356 m (P < 0.001) after the second DI. In the control group (n: 56), BCVA changed following the first DI from 0.81 to 0.77 and from 0.86 to 0.83 following the second DI. After the first DI, CMT decreased from 483 to 280 m (P < 0.001) and from 468 to 301 m (P < 0.001) after the second DI. The inter-group comparison revealed no significant difference in visual or anatomical gain (P = 0.46, P = 0.05, respectively). Conclusion:The presence of an epiretinal membrane did not change the treatment response to DI therapy.