Article history:Received date: 20.04.2017 Accepted date: 15.06.2017 Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Durry, Lepidoptera: Arctidae) is an important pest infecting about 600 hosts. It is harmful especially in hazelnut orchards in the Black Sea Region and is becoming epidemic occasionally. It may cause damage in mulberry, cherry, apple, poplar, and willow beside hazelnut in the region. Due to having a polyphagous feeding behavior and a high reproduction power; fall webworm can spread rapidly and make difficult to manage. In the region, currently, mostly chemical control is applied against this pest. Due to adverse effects of the chemical control to the environment and to living organisms, it is inevitable to develop other alternative control methods for this pest. In this study, the effects of some entomopathogenic fungi isolates obtained from Palomena prasina which is another pest in hazelnut production areas, on H. cunea in laboratory conditions. Overall, 1x10 8 conidia mL -1 of concentration obtained from 2 isolates of Simplicillium lamellicola (TR-01 and TR-02) and 4 isolates of Lecanicillium muscarium (TR-04, TR-05, TR-07 and TR-08) was used against 3 rd period larva of the H. cunea. The experiment was conducted with four replications, 10 larvae individuals in each. Mortality of H. cunea were reported daily, over 12 days. At the end of 12 th day, among the isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, the TR-05 isolate of the L. muscarium ranked the highest mortality by 93.9% rate. Effect of the other isolates of L. muscarium varied between 72.7% and 90.9%. The TR-01 isolate of the S. lamellicola showed effect of 57.6%, and the TR-02 isolate showed effect of 78.8% mortality. Effects of all the isolates used in the study were differed from the control (P<0.05). Based on LT 50 and LT 90 values, the most effective isolate was identified as TR-04 (5.64/day and 9.38/day, respectively). It can be concluded that, the isolates of L. muscarium was found quite effective and it could be a promising agent for controlling this pest in the field in the future.
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are among the most important of the pests in urban entomology, and they not only disturb people but they are also an important health hazard as they are diseases' vectors. The biological control methods against this pest, which is difficult to fight off, have recently gained importance. A total of five different entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema feltiae (Aydın isolate), S. carpocapsae (Karadeniz isolate) , and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Aydın isolate) isolated from Turkey and S. feltiae (KG3) and H. bacteriophora (KG81) isolated from Kyrgyzstan, were tested against the mosquito species Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae under laboratory conditions. The experimental nematode suspensions were determined as 500, 1000, and 1500 IJs ml −1. The mortality rates in the trial were recorded after 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Dead mosquitoes were dissected under a microscope and confirmed to have died by the EPNs. Larval mortality was observed in all EPN species compared to the control group. H. bacteriophora (KG81) and S. carpocapsae isolates were found to be the most effective isolates with 100% larval mortality. The other isolates were H. bacteriophora (Aydın isolate) (70%), S. feltiae (KG3) (66.67%), and the most ineffective isolate S. feltiae (Aydın isolate) (13.3%).
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