Background and Objectives: Balance control is maintained in stationary and dynamic conditions, with coordinated muscle responses generated by somatosensory, vestibular, and visual inputs. This study aimed to investigate how the vestibular system is affected in the presence of an optical illusion to better understand the interconnected pathways of the visual and vestibular systems. Subjects and Methods: The study involved 54 young adults (27 males and 27 females) aged 18-25 years. The recruited participants were subjected to the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) test and video head impulse test (vHIT). The cVEMP and vHIT tests were performed once each in the absence and presence of an optical illusion. In addition, after each test, whether the individuals felt balanced was determined using a questionnaire. Results: cVEMP results in the presence of the optical illusion showed shortened latencies and increased amplitudes for the left side in comparison to the results in the absence of the optical illusion (p≤0.05). When vHIT results were compared, it was seen that the right lateral and bilateral anterior canal gains were increased, almost to 1.0 (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is thought that when the visual-vestibular inputs are incompatible with each other, the sensory reweighting mechanism is activated, and this mechanism strengthens the more reliable (vestibular) inputs, while suppressing the less reliable (visual) inputs. As long as the incompatible condition persists, the sensory reweighting mechanism will continue to operate, thanks to the feedback loop from the efferent vestibular system.

Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of body mass index (BMI) on traditional 226 Hz tympanometry and wideband tympanometry (WBT) to gain a better understanding of resonance frequency.Patients and Methods: A total of 158 ears of 79 volunteers (19 males, 60 females; mean age: 20.5 years; range, 18 to 27 years) who had normal hearing and normal otoscopic examination findings were included in the study between October 2019 and June 2020. By measuring the weight and height of the participants, their BMI values were classified into three groups: ≤18.5 kg/m 2 (underweight), 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 (normal weight), and ≥25.0 kg/m 2 (overweight). Tympanometric evaluations were conducted using the Interacoustics-Titan WBT. Results:The difference of ear canal volume (ECV) was significant between the two sexes (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the tympanometric peak pressure, compliance, gradient, and resonance frequency between the sexes (p>0.05). A significant difference was found in the ECV and resonance frequency among the three BMI groups (p<0.05). Accordingly, as the BMI increased, the ECV increased and the resonance frequency decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion:The BMI may affect ECV and resonance frequency values which should be considered during the examination.

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