Introduction and aimThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 12 weeks of low-intensity resistance training and exercises for peripheral neuropathy (EPN) on the inflammatory and physiological conditions, balance, and complications of diabetic neuropathy in female patients.Materials and methods45 women with mild to moderate diabetic neuropathy and an average age of 55.46±3.06 years voluntarily participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to either control (n=15), resistance (n=15), and EPN (n=15) groups. Both experimental groups were trained for 12 weeks (three sessions per week). EPN group did peripheral neuropathic exercises (12 lower extremity movements), and the resistance group performed their exercises with a 30% repetition maximum. During the intervention period, the control group only performed their daily activities. Blood samples were taken in both pre-test and post-test to investigate the levels of Tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), C Reactive Protein (CRP), fast blood glucose (FBG) and Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Complications of diabetic neuropathy were measured using the Michigan questionnaire and the Monofilament 10 g. In order to measure the balance, De Morton mobility index (DEMMI) was used.ResultsThe statistical analyses showed a significant decrease of FBG and HbA1c in the two experimental groups, as compared to the control group. TNF-α and CRP levels were decreased in both EPN and resistance groups, as compared to the control group. The observed increase in the serum IL-10 levels of the two experimental groups was not, however, significant, as shown in intra-group and inter-group comparisons. On the other hand, the two complications of pain and tingling in the lower limb extremities were improved in both experimental groups (p<0.05). However, the numbness complication showed no significant change (p=0.10). Static and dynamic balance was improved in the EPN group as well (p<0.05).ConclusionSince EPN exercises, in contrast to resistance exercises, are focused on the lower limb extremities and designed for diabetic neuropathy patients, they can improve the imbalance, pain and tingling, by significantly reducing TNF-α and CRP and improving the physiological conditions.

Edward Said’s groundbreaking text, Orientalism is a contrapuntal reading of imperial discourse about the non-Western Other. It indcates that the Western intellectual is in the service of the hegemonic culture. In this influential text, Said shows how imperial and colonial hegemony is implicated in discursive and textual production. Orientalism is a critique of Western texts that have represented the East as an exotic and inferior other and construct the Orient by a set of recurring stereotypical images and clichés. Said’s analysis of Orientalism shows the negative stereotypes or images of native women as well. As a result, Orientalism has engendered feminist scholarship and debate in Middle East studies. For Said, many Western scholars, orientalists, colonial authorities and writers systematically created the orientalist discourse and the misrepresentation of the Orient. George Orwell as a Western writer experienced imperialism at first hand while serving as an Assistant Superintendent of Imperial Police in Burma from 1922 to 1927. One of Orwell’s major concerns during his life was the issue of imperialism and colonialism which is reflected in his first published novel, BurmeseDays. Orwell’s own political purpose in this novel was to convince the reader that imperialism was morally wrong. Although he saw imperialism as one of the major injustices of his time and had declared himself against Empire, in Burmese Days, Orwell, consciously and unconsciously, repudiated his views and followed the Orientalist discourse. In this study, the authors demonstrate how Orwell maintains a white male Eurocentric imperialist viewpoint. The authors attempt to examine how the ‘female subalterns’ are represented in Burmese Days. While Oriental women are represented as the oppressed ones, they are also regarded as being submissive, voiceless, seductive and promiscuous.

Numerous studies have ascertained the diminutionary tendencies of disamenities such as solid waste landfills on real estate investments despite previous mixed conclusions. This study examines one of the four landfills in Lagos State-Olusosun landfill located in Ojota, Lagos and its estimated financial implication on the real estate market in Lagos State, Nigeria. A relational distance of 1 200m radius was established between the landfill and residential properties by which property values were measured based on consistent intervals of 300meters up to 1 200 meters in concentric rings. The study indicated within the Olusosun landfill neighbourhood, an increase in property values were evident as distance away from the landfills increased indicating that residential houses in close proximity to the landfills suffered value loss. Property appreciation relative to distance averaged 6% within the concentric rings of the landfill while the an estimated total loss on the real estate market via the landfill found to be approximately =N=2.1billion. The study recommended that if improved technology could not be utilised in the effective management of the various sanitary landfills within developed areas of the state, the current landfills in operation be closed down and relocated to the outskirts of the city to forestall a consistent appreciation in real estate investment in the state.

The present study will be comparing the cultural implications of British colonial rule in India and Spanish colonial rule in America. It will be using Systems Theory and its relation to culture as its theoretical framework. For the present study the following variables have been selected: the institution of family, the institution of religion, the economic institution the political institution, and the educational institution. By pondering on Amos Rapoport, the concepts of hybridism and cultural identity in the ideas of Homi Bhabha, and Michael Hay's ideas of culture and form and Systems Theory and its relation to culture and also Cultural Imperialism as its theoretical framework, it tries to show the relationship between culture and colonialism. It will attempt to illustrate how the host country has accepted the new colonial culture and whether a synthesis of culture or cultural assimilation, or cultural disapproving and cultural genocide has taken place. Thus the historic and cultural backgrounds of the colonists and the indigenous culture and the relation between the colonized and the colonizer are realized.

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