No abstract

A sustainable and hydrolysis-free dyeing process was developed for polylactic acid (PLA) fibers. PLA is a biobased alternative to petroleum based polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is the most widely used textile fiber. However, the hydrolytic degradation of PLA fibers under the conventional aqueous dyeing conditions limited its applications in textile industry. A new solvent dyeing process was developed using liquid paraffin as a nonaqueous dyeing medium. High quality dyed PLA fabrics were obtained without consuming water and auxiliaries. Minimal strength loss of dyed fibers was achieved by postheat setting treatment. The 3R principle (reduce, reuse, and recycle) was implemented to ensure the environmental friendliness of solvent dyeing process. The result of a 9-cycle reuse sequence demonstrated excellent color consistency of dyed PLA fabrics. The sustainability of our new dyeing process was quantified in the framework of environmental-health-social impact. The dyeing process sustainability index indicated that the solvent dyeing process was preferred over the aqueous dyeing. The method developed in the present work enabled the practical applications of PLA as textile fibers. It represented an important step toward a sustainable textile industry.

The Xihuashan granitic complex (southern China) is mainly composed of coarse-grained porphyritic biotite granite (G-a), medium-grained porphyritic biotite granite (G-b), and medium-to fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite (G-c). The G-a granite is characterized by monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y), in addition to commonly observed zircon and uranoan thorite. In the G-b and G-c intrusive units, monazite-(Ce) becomes very scarce, whereas Y-bearing minerals, including Y-bearing spessartine, xenotime-(Y), gadolinite-(Y), fergusonite-(Y), and yttrian fluorite (up to 15 wt% Y 2 O 3 ), are concentrated to various extents. Spessartine exhibits chemical zoning, which is displayed, in the core, by elevated contents of Y and heavy REE (HREE) (up to 2.32 wt% Y 2 O 3 and 1.51% HREE 2 O 3 ) and micrometric inclusions of Y-bearing minerals. Similarly, zircon from the G-b and Gc granites contains polymineralic micro-inclusions in the core. Overall, the accessory minerals point to a magmatic environment of crystallization for the G-a granite. In contrast, the crystallization of the G-b and G-c granites involved magmatic and hydrothermal stages. The late-to postmagmatic fluid is enriched in F and CO 2 , and appeared as a result of the final oversaturation of the granitic melt in a fluid phase.Keywords: yttrian fluorite, yttrium-bearing spessartine-almandine, xenotime-(Y), zircon, electron-microprobe data, granite, Xihuashan, China. in the endo-and exocontact zones of the Xihuashan granitic complex (Hsu 1943). Mining of quartz-ferberitetype ores started in 1935. The metallogeny of the deposits and the petrology of associated granites were described by Hsu

Kainate-type glutamate receptors play critical roles in excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the brain. GluK1 and GluK2 possess fundamentally different capabilities in surface trafficking as well as synaptic targeting in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Here we find that the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) are significantly increased by the chimeric GluK1(SPGluK2) receptor, in which the signal peptide of GluK1 is replaced with that of GluK2. Coexpression of GluK1 signal peptide completely suppresses the gain in trafficking ability of GluK1(SPGluK2), indicating that the signal peptide represses receptor trafficking in a trans manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the signal peptide directly interacts with the amino-terminal domain (ATD) to inhibit the synaptic and surface expression of GluK1. Thus, we have uncovered a trafficking mechanism for kainate receptors and propose that the cleaved signal peptide behaves as a ligand of GluK1, through binding with the ATD, to repress forward trafficking of the receptor.