The effect of combined feed supplements (prilled fat, sweetener and toxin binder) was studied on 24 apparently healthy early lactating rural and urban maintained Murrah buffaloes. The feeding of combined feed supplement was carried out for a period of 90 days. DMI, BCS, body weight were recorded at fortnightly intervals and milk composition was analyzed at weekly intervals. Blood samples were analyzed for hormones, plasma metabolites and lipid profile. The supplementation increased (p<0.01) milk yield by 13.6 and 17.0% in urban and rural Murrah buffaloes with respective increases of 20.14 and14.98% in milk fat (p<0.01). BCS and DMI varied non-significantly (P>0.05) between the groups. Body weight increased in rural buffaloes in comparison to urban buffaloes. Plasma GH was higher (p<0.05) before supplementation and fluctuated non-significantly (P>0.05) during supplementation period. Mean leptin levels decreased (p<0.05) while plasma estradiol and IgG level increased during the supplementation period. Plasma progesterone and ghrelin level varied non-significantly before and during supplementation. Plasma IGF-1 and glucose levels was more and NEFA level was lower (p<0.05) during the experiment. Mean HDL, triglyceride and cholesterol concentration increased (P<0.05) during supplementation than before supplementation. Blood urea nitrogen and plasma urea level was lower before feeding and increased during the experiment. The conception rate was more and service period was less (P<0.05) in urban buffaloes as compared to rural buffaloes. The complete feed supplementation was highly economical and generated an additional income of Rs. 114.45/day/buffalo with cost benefit ratio of 1:5. It was concluded that complete feed comprising of prilled fat, sweetener and toxin binder augment overall productive performance of rural and urban buffaloes.

The present preliminary study reports the synthesis of β-cyclodextrin/poly(1-naphthylamine) (PNA) inclusion complexes at varying concentrations of 1-naphthylamine as monomer. The synthesized complexes were investigated for their spectral and morphological characteristics. IR studies confirmed that with the increase the loading of PNA, the hydrogen bonding interaction between NH of PNA and OH of β-cyclodextrin increased which was corroborated by the increase in the peak intensity corresponding to the OH stretching vibration of pristine β-cyclodextrin. UV studies confirmed the presence of higher number of quinoid units in PNA and tits interaction with β-cyclodextrin upon higher loading. The occurrence of phase transition during complex formation was confirmed by XRD analysis. Morphological studies highlighted the core-shell like morphology of the complexes. Metformin hydrochloride (MET-HCl) was chosen as a model drug to study the in-vitro drug release characteristics of these inclusion complexes. The validity of kinetic models for the adsorption of MET-HCl was studied using pseudo-first order model, pseudo-second order model, Elovich kinetic model and Intra-Particle Diffusion kinetic model and it was found that highest correlation coefficient was shown by pseudo-second-order model as well as by Elovich kinetic model. Hence the drug adsorption predominantly followed the pseudo-second order kinetics model. The drug release was investigated at gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and intestinal fluid (pH value 7.4) for a period of 1 h. The model with the highest correlation coefficient was confirmed to be of zero order and the value of n at gastrointestinal as well as intestinal fluids was calculated to be 1.2781 and 1.3262 respectively indicating super case-II transport mechanism.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract