The flashover performance of contaminated insulators highly depends on the type of pollutant and its present concentration. In this paper, important agricultural salts (NaCl, K2SO4, NaHCO3, CaSO4, KHCO3, MgSO4, NH4), 2Fe(SO4)2, and 6H2O (ferrous ammonium sulphate, dust, and urea) at different concentrations, and biological contaminants, such as algae and fungi, were taken as pollutants, and the AC flashover behavior of a porcelain-cap-and-pin-type insulator polluted with these two different pollutants was investigated. The experiment was carried out by a semi-natural method, wherein the insulator was first polluted artificially; thereafter, natural fog was applied to measure the wet flashover voltage. Test results indicated that the flashover voltages were affected by both soluble salts and non-soluble components deposited on the insulator surface. In the case of the thickly contaminated layers, non-soluble deposits greatly reduced the flashover voltage. Moreover, by using regression analysis, four empirical models based on different variables were developed. The empirical models developed in the present work represented a good degree of relation in predicting the flashover voltage of naturally contaminated insulators.
Peroxisomes are indispensably involved as a central player in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, bile acids, ether phospholipids, very-long-chain, and branched-chain fatty acids. The three subtypes of PPARs are PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma which have been found to be instrumental in the control of cancer metabolism cascades. Any disproportionate expression of PPAR can lead to the progression of cell growth and survival in diverse types of cancers. It can be exploited both as an agonist or antagonist for utilization as a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, the multifunctional PPAR modulators have substantial promise in various types of cancer therapies. Many recent studies led to the observations that a variety of phytochemicals, including phenolics, have been implicated in anticancer effects. Plant phenolics seem to have both palliative and treatment opportunities in combating cancer which requires deep insight into the proposed mechanisms. Henceforth, this chapter highlights the role of peroxisomal subtypes as an activator or suppressor followed by its modulation through bioactive obtained from a variety of crude drugs. A discussion on various challenges restricting proper utilization has also been incorporated.
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