The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of shallot cultivation and to understand the financial feasibility analysis in Dolok Silau Simalungun to enhance the improvement of the technology needed. Methods used in this research are survey and observation methods. Based on the assessment results, it was found that shallot farming which is planted on dry land and small scale in Sarang Padang, Dolok Silau, Simalungun has a 0,05 – 0,1 ha area. The productivity of that farming is low which averaging 5,25 tonnes/ha. The total production cost is Rp 59.598.000 with a B/C ratio of 0,59. The capital of shallot production is Rp 10.743,00 per kg. Most of the shallot production cost is absorbed by labor cost (36 %), followed by seed cost (35%). The increment of revenue can be achieved by improving productivity through the improvement of farming technologies. Technology improvements in shallot cultivation that are needed are increasing plant density, seed quality improvement, replacement of labor weeding, and the use of integrated pest and disease control. To anticipate price fluctuations, farmers need a storage technology that is a group warehouse to keep the shallot when the market price is very cheap. Institutional education needs to be strengthened for the socialization of shallot cultivation technology and innovation for the farmers.

Nowadays, there are still many common weaknesses in the public service that is run by the government officials, so it has not met the quality expected by the public. It is indicated by the presence of public complaints submitted from the mass media, which can give an unfavorable image to the government. Therefore, people"s satisfaction with public services need to be measured through the Decree of the Minister of Administrative Reform (KEMENPAN) No. KEP/25M.PAN/2/2004 (Date: February 24, 2004) on General Guidelines for the Arrangement of Community Satisfaction Index of Government Agencies Service Unit. This study is conducted in Benjeng Subdistrict, as one of the sub district in Gresik Regency with a vast area of farm land and high production of rice. The sample of this study is taken by purposive method from the administrator of farmer groups from each group in Benjeng Subdistrict. The measurement of the Community Satisfaction Index is done by calculating an index of 14 indicators of adoption result from KEMENPAN 2004. The result of this study shows that the community in Benjeng Subdistrict is satisfied with the agricultural extension services provided by BP3K of Benjeng Subdistrict with a point of 79.00 and grade B for the service quality. There are 12 factors that support the satisfaction and 2 factors that inhibit the satisfaction. Increasing the effectiveness of teamwork implementation with other parties and reproduces plot need to be done in order to maintain and increase the community satisfaction.

Empowering smallholders’ cocoa based on agro-industry requires readiness of the cocoa commodity itself from on-farm to off-farm. The research technique conducted in this study is a descriptive survey approach. The research site is Luwu Raya in South Sulawesi Province. This study uses literature and interviews as a data collection technique. Interviews were conducted with related parties such as government agencies, cooperatives, manufacturers, cocoa farmers associations, and farmer groups which were selected purposively. Collecting secondary data is done by collecting documents in the relevant agencies. Data and information obtained were analyzed descriptively correlatively. The results showed that empowerment of community cocoa into an independent community through agro-industry became a necessity, considering the potential of the community’s cocoa in producing cocoa beans was quite large and only a small portion was processed into finished products. To that end, in order to reach an independent community on cocoa commodities, various things are needed such as transferring technology based on local potential, facilitating the government in providing bailouts and processing machines, and supporting regulations that favor farmers.

There are still many problems faced by shallot farmers in North Padang Lawas district, as horticultural farmers in other areas in Indonesia, become an obstacle in efforts to develop shallot commodities in North Padang Lawas Regency, so that it has not been able to provide optimal welfare to farmers. Although this commodity has traditionally been cultivated by farmers in several sub-districts within this district and The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia has also designated North Padang Lawas Regency as one of the Development of National Shallot Commodity Agricultural Areas through Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 472 Tahun 2018 Regarding the National Agricultural Area, but it needs to be studied further to analyze the potential and economic development strategy of shallots as the aim of this study. This study was conducted from June to November 2019. The method used was a survey, followed by direct observation about the development of shallots in 6 (six) districts, interview with field extension officers, retailers and wholesalers in North Padang Lawas Regency. Data and information were analyzed descriptively and analyzed by R / C ratio. The results of the study show that shallot farming activities in North Padang Lawas Regency are very economically and financially feasible, with an ideal R / C ratio of 2.04 with a profit of Rp.76.108.500,- for each hectare of land cultivated for shallot cultivation.

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the existing shallot farming in North Padang Lawas Regency which includes the conditions of agricultural land for shallot, existing technology, and the income of farmers, then provides recommendations for shallot’s farming technology to increase shallot’ production, and to increase farmers’ income. The method used in this research were survey, field observation, and soil sampling. To determine the suitability of land for shallots, the evaluation of land suitability was carried out by comparing the quality/characteristics of the land with the requirements for shallot growth. Analysis of Land evaluation was carried out computerized using the SPKL version 2.01 software. Analysis of shallot farm income was carried out by analyzing the balance between revenue and cost. The results obtained from this study were the technology used by farmers was still simple, land suitability for shallots is dominated by marginal land suitability (S3) so that additional input is needed to increase production, while shallot farming was feasible with an R/C ratio level of 2,19.