Our results showed a considerable ability of biofilm production, as well as the occurrence of biofilm-specific antimicrobial resistance genes (ndvB and tssC1), in P. aeruginosa isolates from ocular infections in Farabi Hospital.

BACKGROUND Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) refers to the fear of and anxiety towards going to the dentist. It exists in a considerable proportion of children and adolescents and is a major dilemma in paediatric dental practice. However, temperament has been suggested to be a predictive factor for the child’s reaction to dental treatment especially in young ages. This study was done to assess the role of temperament in the levels of anxiety and cooperation in preschool and elementary school children in the dental office. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated 70 preschools (4 - 6 years of age) and elementary school (7 - 10 years of age) children presenting to the paediatric dental clinic of TUMS School of Dentistry. The children were generally healthy and had at least one carious primary molar requiring pulp therapy or restorative treatment under local anaesthesia. The temperament trait of children was determined using the Persian version of Malhotra’s Temperament Schedule that measures the nine temperament traits identified by Thomas and Chess. Next, the cooperation and level of anxiety in children were determined during anaesthetic injection and cavity preparation using the Venham Clinical Cooperation Scale (VCCS) and Venham Clinical Anxiety Scale (VCAS). Data was analyzed using a regression model. RESULTS The temperament trait of children had a significant correlation with their parent’s education level (P = 0.038). Lower sociability scores were significantly correlated with higher level of anxiety and uncooperative behaviour of children during anaesthetic injection and cavity preparation (P < 0.05). Rhythmicity was significantly correlated with anxiety during anaesthetic injection, and higher intensity of response/energy was significantly correlated with poor cooperation of children during injection and higher anxiety during cavity preparation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the results of temperament trait can predict the behaviour of children and their level of anxiety and cooperation in the dental office setting. KEY WORDS Anxiety; Cooperation; Child, Preschool; Temperament; Paediatric Dentistry.

Among patients with schizophrenia, rates of nonadherence around 40-50% have been reported. Non-adherence increases risk of relapse and it is the main cause of re-hospitalization. The aim of this study is to describe a sample of outpatients treated with long-acting injectable risperidone (RLAI), as well as to define the retention rates to the treatment. Methodology: Outpatients treated with RLAI for some psychotic disorder during 2005 have been included in the study. Age, gender, diagnosis, drug abuse, hospitalizations, previous treatments, coadyuvant treatments, compliance with treatment and reasons for treatment withdrawal have been analyzed. Descriptive data are shown. Results: Seventy-six outpatients treated with RLAI have been analyzed. 55.3% of them were male, and mean age was 41.33AE11.33 years. Main diagnosis were schizophrenia and schizoafective disorder (45 and 10 patients, respectively). More than 40% of patients were taking some drug of abuse. Around 75% of patients had some hospitalization in the previous 5 years, and 10.8% of them were hospitalized in 2005. Almost half of the patients were receiving oral risperidone before the start of treatment with RLAI, and 20% had been receiving depot medication. After one year, 73.7% of patients were still under RLAI treatment. The main reason for treatment withdrawal was the loss of follow-up. Conclusion: Retention rates in RLAI treatment found in the present study were similar to those previously reported. Hospitalizations seem to be reduced after the start of RLAI treatment.

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a clinical syndrome, characterized by disturbing and intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses and repetitive behaviors. Aim: This study aimed to present a structural model for predicting the symptoms of obsessivecompulsive disorder based on religious adherence and commitment and to evaluate the mediating role of personality function. Method: This study was a descriptive correlational performed based on structural equation. The statistical population consisted of people referred to clinics in districts 1, 2, 7, 8, 11, and 12 of Tehran, Iran, during 2020-2021. A total of 378 volunteers were considered eligible for the study based on the inclusion criteria. The data collection tools included Hodgson and Rachman’s Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder Questionnaire (1977), Janbozorgi’s Religious Faith Questionnaire (2009) and Personality Function Questionnaire by Janbozorgi & et al (2021). Data analysis was performed in SPSS-28 and LISREL-8.5, using path analysis in AMOS-24, as well as structural equation modeling. Results: The Square of correlations (R2) for obsessive-compulsive disorder was 0.53; therefore, the domains of religious adherence and personality function could explain 53% of variance in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion: Personality function mediated the relationship between lack of religious adherence or religious ambivalence and obsessive-compulsive disorder positively and mediated the relationship between religious adherence and obsessive-compulsive disorder in a significant and negative way. It is recommended that counseling centers pay attention to the clients' religious adherence and dysfunctional religious beliefs in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.