No abstract

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to validate the first Persian version of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire. The study sample comprised 61 patients regularly attending the outpatient infectious disease clinic consultation centre for patients with behavioural disorders in 2013-2014. The internal consistency, content related validity and reliability of WHOQOL-HIV BREF were evaluated. Content validity was quantified using the content validity ratio (CVR) according the to Lawshe formula. CVR > 0.51 and mean judgment > 2 were significant at P = 0.05. The Cronbach alpha score was > 0.7 for each domain and = 0.87 for the whole scale, indicating good reliability. Item-to-total correlation coefficient between each item and its respective domain was 0.39-0.87. The correlation between each domain and overall QOL was excellent. This study demonstrates that the Persian version of WHOQOL-HIV BREF is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of QOL in HIV-infected patients. ‫ـري‬ ‫البـ‬ ‫ـي‬ ‫املناعـ‬ ‫ز‬

Introduction: Assessment and evaluation are major parts of the medical curriculum which motivate students to study, being a competent physician, and achieving the medical education eligible goals. Medical students, especially at undergraduate levels, experience a significant amount of anxiety due to frequent exams. Meanwhile, the coronavirus disease 2019 disaster forced higher educational institutes all over the world to adopt distance learning. So remote online exams were used as a kind of assessment that can lead to new paradigms.Methods: This cross-sectional study was planned to assess the remote online exams anxiety during COVID-19 Pandemic by analyzing test anxiety categories among basic science and pre-clinical medical students and its correlation between genders in the School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2020. Data collection tools were Demographic Questionnaire and Sarasons’s Test Anxiety Scale. Descriptive statistics (mean, percentages) and analytical statistics (t-test and one-way ANOVA) were used to analyze the data with SPSS version 11.5.Results: 290 medical students in basic science and pre-clinical courses were enrolled. 194 (66.4%) of participants were female and 177 (60.6%) were in basic sciences course. The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe anxiety was 27.9%, 36.9%, and 35.2% respectively. The difference in the mean and SD of anxiety score in basic sciences students and pre-clinical students was not statistically significant (Pvalue=0.26), yet the results indicated that the level of anxiety in females (19.07+7.11) is significantly higher than males (14.44+7.15) (Pvalue<0.001).Conclusion: According to the current study, there is a critical need to take steps to recommend stress management techniques and bring reforms in E-learning and E-assessment systems to lower the anxiety in medical students while providing a stable and reliable electronic exam environment can be helpful.

Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries and disabilities among health care workers. This study investigates the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and pathologist postures in laboratories. Method In this cross-sectional study, 40 pathologists were evaluated. MSDs in different body segments of the participants were evaluated by Nordic questionnaire. For postural analysis, 20 min film was recorded while using a microscope by subjects. Posture analysis was done by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and their repetitive movements were scored. The data was analyzed by SPSS Version 11.5. Results The mean age and duration of employment of subjects was 36.57 ± 7.54 years and 6.50 ± 6.30 years, respectively. Most MSDs were found in neck (65%), wrist (57.5%), upper back (50%) and lower back (47.5%). The mean RULA grand score was higher in participants with upper back and shoulder pain. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mean RULA grand, the upper back pain (P = 0.02) and the wrist pain (P = 0.003), as well as between the mean RULA B, the neck pain (P = 0.02) and the lower back pain (P = 0.05). The results showed a significant relationship between mean weekly working hours and tight (P < 0.001), wrist (p = 0.01) and ankle (P = 0.008). Conclusion This study revealed high prevalence of MSDs among the pathologists. Therefore, performing ergonomic corrective actions is essential in order to improve their physical conditions at work.

Background: Work place violence (WPV) is one of the workplace factors that can affect many aspects of the emergency staff's life. In this study, we are investigating the relationship between WPV and occupational stress. Methods: We surveyed emergency department (ED) staff in a cross-sectional study design in three Mashhad Hospitals between 2017 and 2018. World Health Organization WPV and occupational stress questionnaire was used and 171 out of 200 collected data were analyzed. To investigate the relationship between different variables, t-test and logistic regression were implemented.Results: In general, 58 (34.5%) participants had reported a physical assault, 116 (71.6%) verbal abuse, and 76 (44.4%) bullying/harassment within the past year. Males reported more experience of physical assault (P less than 0.001), verbal abuse (P less than 0.04) and bullying/harassment (P less than 0.01). The educational level and time shifts were associated with the frequency of physical violence and bullying/harassment (P less than 0.03), respectively.We noticed an association between the job stress scales and some types of work place violence including physical assault (P=0.02), bullying/harassment (P=0.006) and demands scale in recent cited violence (P=0.07). Conclusion:We presented considerable prevalence of WPV among ED staff. Improving workplace condition and reducing occupational stress could be decrease WPV frequency.