Introduction:To compare the intraocular pressure in diabetes mellitus patients and non diabetics individuals. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational type of study with 100 patients, 50 diabetic and 50 non-diabetics subjects, was conducted at D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital Kolhapur from 1 st February 2019 to 30 th April 2019. All subjects underwent routine complete ophthalmological examination, intra ocular pressure was measured using Perkins applanation tonometer. Blood investigation fasting blood sugars, postprandial sugars, and HbA1c levels was done in diabetics and random blood sugars were done in non diabetic subjects. Results: The mean intraocular pressure in diabetic subjects was 16.67±2.04mmHg and in nondiabetics 13.84±2.85mmHg and difference between the two groups was clinically significant (p<0.0001). The mean intraocular pressure was (16.88±3.09mmHg) in diabetic patients with duration of diabetes greater than 10years as compared with (16.54±2.76mmHg) in diabetic patients with duration less than 10 years, p value > 0.05 which is not statistically significant and with HbA1c >6.5% showed statistically significant higher intraocular pressure compared to HbA1c <6.5%. Conclusion: Diabetic subjects showed higher intraocular pressure as compared to non-diabetic subjects and also there was increase in intraocular pressure with uncontrolled diabetes independent on duration of diabetes. All diabetic patients should undergo intra-ocular pressure measurement routinely.

Introduction:Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. Conjunctivitis is a global economic burden due to its common occurrence, contagiousness and potentially debilitating morbidities. The bulk of conjunctivitis related costs include consultation, supportive care, drugs prescription, diagnostic tests and productivity loses associated with time away from work or school. Viral etiology was the main reason for most of the outbreaks. Conjunctivitis is one of the most common condition of the eye that affects all ages, social strata and occurs worldwide. Acute conjunctivitis has a symptoms of less than 3 to 4 weeks of duration. Some reports indicate that 50-75% of acute conjunctivitis are caused due to the bacteria. In adults Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenza are the common pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis. Materials and Methods: Total 70 eyes of 52 patients of diagnosed acute conjunctivitis were examined at our institute from April 2018 to January 2019. This is prospective observational study with evaluation of demographic factors, associated comorbid conditions and finding causative organism i.e. bacteria and /or fungus by gram staining, KOH mounting and culture sensitivity. Results: In our study acute conjunctivitis was commonly seen in males than females and in age group of 18-45. It was commonly seen in patients of low socioeconomic status. Predominantly right eye involvement was observed. 16 cases showed positive results for Gram staining. KOH test was negative in all cases. S. aureus was the commonest organism identified on culture and sensitivity. S. aureus and S. pneumonae were equally isolated in patients on chronic steroid use. Conclusion: Bacterial conjunctivitis is more common i.e. 30.76 % than fungal in our study. No fungal organism was detected in our study. S. aureus, S. pneumonae, H. influenzae and S. epididymis were most common bacterias seen in our study. S. aureus and S. pneumonae were equally isolated in patients on chronic steroid use. We feel that such comprehensive surveys are necessary to assess the specific characteristics of the acute conjunctivitis, which are unique for each region and population.How to cite this article: Math SS, Rauth SG. Study of organisms isolation from acute bacterial conjunctivitis cases.

Background: Diabetes is associated with increase in the thickness of the cornea and also raised intraocular pressure as compared to normal healthy individuals.Diabetes causes intrinsic abnormality of the epithelial basement membrane complex & impairs epithelial and endothelial barrier function.A few studies have been done on corneal morphological changes, corneal thickness in diabetic subjects but it is still a topic of research in Indian population. Purpose:To compare the central corneal thickness in diabetes mellitus patients and non diabetics individuals. Method: A Prospective observational study with 100 patients, 50 diabetic and 50 non-diabetics subjects was conducted from 1 st February 2019 to 30 th April 2019. All subjects underwent routine complete ophthalmological examination, central corneal thickness was measured using ultrasound pachymetery. Blood investigation like fasting blood sugars, postprandial sugars, and HbA1c levels was done among diabetics and random blood sugars were done among non diabetic subjects. Results: The mean central corneal thickness in diabetic subjects was 558.8±24.71µm as compared to non-diabetics 524.33±14.26µm and difference between the two groups was clinically significant (p<0.0001). The central corneal thickness was higher for diabetes with duration of >10 years (567.74±5.30µm) when compared to duration of diabetes <10 years (550.54±13.41µm) and with HbA1c >6.5% showed statistically significant increase in mean central corneal thickness compared to HbA1c <6.5%. Conclusion: Diabetic subjects showed higher central corneal thickness as compared to nondiabetic subjects and also there was increase in central corneal thickness with increase in duration and uncontrolled diabetes. All diabetic patients need to undergo central corneal thickness assessment before any intraocular surgeries.