To explore the effects of triacontanol (TR) on drought tolerance of strawberry plants (cv Fertona), two field experiments were carried out to study the effects of three supplementary foliar TR rates (0, 0.5, and 1 ppm) under the following three levels of water irrigation: 11 m3/hectare (40% of water holding capacity (WHC) severe as a drought treatment, 22 m3/hectare (80% of WHC) as moderate drought stress, and normal irrigation with 27 m3/hectare (100% of WHC) server as a control treatment. TR treatments were applied five times after 30 days from transplanting and with 15-day intervals. The results showed that drought stress (40% and 80%) markedly decreased the growth, fruit yield, and chlorophyll reading, as well as the gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate). Meanwhile, drought stress at a high rate obviously increased antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) contents in the leaves of the strawberry plants. The moderate and high drought stress rates enhanced some strawberry fruit quality parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, and anthocyanin content compared to the control. Additionally, TR increased the activities of SOD, POX, and CAT. TR treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll contents, gas exchange parameters (photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance), and water use efficiency (WUE). Plant height, fruit weight, and total biomass were increased also via TR application. Total yield per plant was increased 12.7% using 1 ppm of TR compared with the control. In conclusion, our results suggested that TR application could relieve the adverse effects of drought stress on the growth of strawberry plants by enhancing the antioxidant enzymes, photosynthesis rate, and WUE of the leaves.

Two experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of Al-Kanater Research Station at El-Qalyubia Governorate, during the two consecutive years of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to investigate

Kaluobia Governorate during two successive seasons to illustrate the effect of three irrigation intervals (each 2,3,and 4 days ) and five antitranspirants (potassium, sodium , and aluminum silicate ,magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate) as well as control on growth ,yield and its components of Festival strawberry cultivar .The experimental design was split plot design with three replications under drip irrigation system and clay soil. Results show clearly that plants irrigated each two or three days and spraying with one of the potassium silicate (kaolin) or magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate as antitranspirants which gave the highest values of vegetative growth parameters compared to the control plants. However, irrigation each four days resulted in an increase in total soluble solids and fruit firmness with using calcium carbonate or kaolin. Irrigation intervals two or three days had no significant differences on early yield. The earliest yield/plant was obtained from irrigation each three days and foliar spraying of kaolin or magnesium carbonate or potassium silicate or calcium carbonate and sodium silicate in the two tested seasons, respectively. Total yield was adversely impact of irrigation spacing intervals. However , non significant differences were found between the irrigation each two and three days with using each of antitranspirants in total yield compared to untreated plants .The study recommend irrigation strawberry plants each three days with foliar spray of each kaolin or magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate or potassium silicate and sodium silicate respectively, to increase the vegetative growth , fruit quality ,early and total yield under drip irrigation system at Kalubia Governorate region .

Kaluobia Governorate during the two successive seasons of 2013 2014 and 2014 2015 to illustrate the effect of three irrigation intervals (each two, three, and four days) and five antitranspirants (potassium, sodium , and aluminum silicate ,magnesium and calcium carbonate in addition to control on minerals content ,water use efficiency and stomata morphology of Festival strawberry cultivar .The experimental design was split plot design with three replications under drip irrigation system .Results indicate that minerals contents of plant leaves as nitrogen , sodium and iron were affected with spacing water intervals in the two seasons while , magnesium and silicon were affected in the first season only .But each of potassium , calcium , zinc and manganese were not significantly affected with irrigation intervals .The best treatments resulted in the highest minerals content with irrigation each three or four days and foliar spray of kaolin or potassium silicate.The interaction treatments between irrigation intervals each four days and foliar spray of each kaolin and magnesium carbonate resulted in the highest values of water use efficiency compared to the other treatments in the two tested seasons. Results of scanning electron microscope analysis show that use of any of antitranspirants under study improved water status of the plant and reduced water loss through transpiration, as a result of the partial and relatively closure of the leaves stomata compared to the untreated plants. The study recommend irrigating strawberry plants each three days and foliar spray with each kaolin or magnesium carbonate ,calcium carbonate, potassium silicate and sodium silicate respectively to increase minerals content , water use efficiency, and therefore , yield and quality of strawberry under Kalubia Governorate conditions.

Pink pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacterium (PPFM) has a favorable impact on plant development and production, it is known as a biostimulator, biofertilizer and biocontroller. Here we investigate the effect of foliar spraying of PPFM, 10% methanol,30% methanol, and their combinations on the growth, fruit quality, and yield of two strawberry cultivars. PPFM was isolated from cotton leaves using imprinting technique. 16S rRNA sequence analysis identified it to be Methylobacterium radiotolerance. Its 16S rRNA sequence were deposited in the Gene Bank under accession number MT644122.1. Two field experiments were conducted during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of PPFM and methanol (10 and 30%) on the growth, fruit quality, and yield of two strawberry cultivars. The obtained results showed that, there were no significant differences in the most characteristics between the two cultivars except foliage fresh weight and early yield were higher in cv. Florid, however, Festival cv. recorded higher total yield /plant, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid content in both seasons. Spraying PPFM exhibited the highest values of chlorophyll, fresh weight, total yield and quality. Furthermore, PPFM combined with methanol 10% gave the highest values of leaf area, dry matter %, early yield and some fruit quality. Spraying cv. Florida with PPFM resulted in the best interactions for early yield. However, the best interaction for total yield and most fruit quality features was observed with Festival c.v. and spraying PPFM. It is reasonable to conclude that PPFM is the most effective treatment, increasing strawberry total yield/fed by 28.1 % in the 1st season and 27.91 % in the 2 nd season compared to the control.