Background/Aim Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the important public health issues worldwide. The Fat mass obesity (FTO) gene rs-9939609 variant identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the T to A missense mutation, and has a strong association with T2DM. FTO gene is present on chromosome “16q12.2” comprising of nine exons. FTO gene rs-9939609 a variant is commonly found in the Pakistani Population. The purpose of the study was to alert the population about the rs-9939609 variant SNP, having a strong association with T2DM. Material and Methods Total of 190 participants were included in the present cross-sectional study. To collect the samples non-probability convenience technique was used. subjects were recruited and divided into three groups, normal healthy subjects, obese and T2DM. The patients were selected from the Medicine department Jamshoro/Hyderabad by filling the pre-designed proforma, as well as verbal and written consent taken from study participants. To analysed the data ANOVA Post hoc (Tukey-test) was applied for comparison among groups (P < 0.05) and “SNP-STAT” online software was used for frequencies. Results The BMI, neck circumference, waist circumference and lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and HbA1c was found significant (p < 0.001) in both genders as compared to control. Homozygous and heterozygous distribution of allelic and genotyping frequency was found in study participants. 37.9 %T/A, 57.4% T/T, and A/A were 4.7%. The FTO gene rs-9939609 variant amplified and have an increased risk of developing T2DM in the Sindh population. Codominant model odd ratio of T/A showed 2.42 ( CI) 1.23–3.84, with significant p < 0.032. Conclusion The present study concluded that the FTO gene SNP rs-9939609 variant was found in the population of Hyderabad, Sindh and having strong association with T2DM and obese individuals. Increase BMI, neck and waist circumference are the biomarkers of obesity and causative factors of T2DM.

Background Anemia in pregnancy is a globally health-related issue, that affects both mothers and their newborn. Anemia during pregnancy across the world involves approximately 38% of the world population. To evaluate the effect of gestational anemia on perinatal outcome in the population. The aim of present study is to evaluate the effect of gestational anemia on perinatal outcome in the population of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional comparative analysis was conducted among pregnant mothers who were listed to give birth at Liaquat University of medical and health sciences Jamshoro/Hyderabad during the period of September 2018 to September 2019. The study population 400 were selected by convenient random sampling, and grouped into 2 on the basis of their Hb levels, with Hb < 11 gm% they were classified as anemic mothers, Hb ≥ 11 gm% were termed as non-anemic mothers, data was collected on the preformed questionnaire, and was analyzed on SPSS 21. Results The prevalence of anemia was 51.5% in in total population out of which, the incidence of normocytic normochromic anemia was highest 52.4 %microcytic hypochromic anemia was found in 19.4%, Overall, extremely low Apgar was found in 53 anemics, and 8 non. anemic mother’s infants, LBW incidence was 47.5 %; in anemic mothers, and 15.4 % in non-anemic group, the term, small for gestational age infants were 14.5% in anemic mothers, and 3.6% in non-anemic mothers, there were 36 preterm births to anemic mothers and 10 in non-anemic mothers. The incidence of caesarian section is 53.3% in anemic mothers compared to 30.9% in non-anemic mothers. Conclusions Anemia in pregnancy significantly increases risks of low Apgar, LBW, term SGA, preterm birth, and an increase incidence of caesarian section.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Green tea on obesity and hyperglycemia. Methodology: This observational study was carried out at the department of physiology, in affiliation to Medical Research Centre Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. The sample was collected by convenient random sampling. Total 100 participants, 50 controls and 50 obese diabetics were enrolled. Informed written consent was taken from participants. The body mass index (BMI) of the participants was taken at the time of recruitment, and later at 16 weeks of consuming green tea. The serum glucose levels were assessed by fasting (FBS) and random blood sugar (RBS) levels, and HbA1C. The levels of serum Blood glucose were obtained with the glucose oxidase method. Data analysis was done on SPSS 21.0, analysis of variables was done by applying student t-test, the p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results:100 participants recruited out of which 50 controls and 50 obese diabetics men, it was found that the prolong consumption of green tea for 16 weeks with 20-30 minutes’ walk had statistically significant declined in FBS, RBS, HbA1c, and BMI in the obese diabetic subjects, as compared to the controls. Conclusion: This study concludes that the green tea has positive effect in reducing the total body weight and BMI and helps in maintaining the normoglycemic levels in Type 2 DM.

This study aimed to analyze the adverse effects of heavy metals in tea on pregnant mothers and fetal outcomes, using Camellia sinensis tea as a more common beverage after water. The tea constituents are flavonoids containing catechins, which are primary polyphenols recognized as having a strong anti-oxidant activity preventing cellular damage by free radicals. During pregnancy, excessive tea intake negatively impacts the newborn. Tea constituents and their contamination have gained attention as heavy metal contamination exceeds its critical concentrations in tea infusions which may cause adverse effects on both mother and fetus. A total of 400 pregnant women participated in the present study. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Physiology of University of Sindh in collaboration with the Department of gynecology and obstetrics of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, from September 2018 to August 2020. Selected pregnant women were informed and gave written consent. Chemical analysis of maternal blood was conducted at the National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh. The statistical data were analyzed using SPSS v 21.0 (IBM incorporation, USA). The student`s and Person tests for correlation were applied, presenting the results as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance difference was calculated at 95% (p ≤ 0.05). The results of maternal parameters such as age, marital age, maternal height, body temperature, respiratory rate, and diastolic pressure had no significant difference. Simultaneously, gestational age, neck circumference, gestational weight gain, and systolic blood pressure had significant differences between pregnant tea and non-tea drinkers. Iron, Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and Ferritin also showed statistically significant differences at p < 0.0001. In the present study, the fetal weight positively correlated with aluminum, lead, mercury, and zinc and negatively correlated with copper and cadmium. Foot length showed a positive correlation with aluminum, copper, lead, cadmium, mercury, and zinc; the chest circumference showed a negative correlation with aluminum and copper.

Aim: To assess the serum cholesterol levels of the diabetes patients in the rural areas of the Sindh. Study design: Prospective observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical College Hospital, Mirpurkhas Sindh, Pakistan from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Five hundred and seventeen diabetic type II patients were enrolled in the study after the written informed consent. The serum lipid profile was assessed and analyzed the relation with glycemic values and their treatment. The prescription was also assessed and data were transferred in to data analysis sheet. Results: There were 368 (71.18%) males and 149 (28.82%) females. Moreover 223(43.13%) patients were aged from 51 to 60 years. Patients had 3 to 6 years of diabetic history (51.26%). Patients had glycemic value 151-200mg/dL (33.27%). One hundred and eighty nine patients had total cholesterol value 201-250 mg/dL. One hundred and seventy six patients were prescribed from Sulphonylurea with 34.04%, 205 patients were prescribed lovastatin (39.65%), 97 patients were prescribed rosuvastatin Conclusion: The changes in the lipid profile levels of diabetic patients might occur at different ages along with the morbid condition such as diabetes mellitus and condition can be more complicated if not managed properly. The disruption in the serum lipid profile, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and obesity cannot be ignored the condition is worse in developing countries like Pakistan. Keywords: Lipid, Diabetes Mellitus, Mirpurkhas, Sindh, Pakistan