Purpose In the ever fast-changing modern world, through the use of digital banking services (DBS), the old concept of banking in a traditional way has been completely changed. It was made possible through the use of modern artificial intelligence embedded technologies. It was done to meet the ever-growing demands of customers through more user-friendly and time-saving uses of technologies. This paper aims to uncover and analyse the factors affecting the adoption of digital banking services by rural micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). MSME is one of the most active sectors in India. It plays an important role in the economic development of the country through exports and domestic supplies and by creating employment opportunities. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted using a questionnaire survey. In total, 148 rural MSME owners were considered for the analysis in this study. Rural MSMEs in India are way behind in using digital banking services than their urban counterparts. The present study uses IBM SPSS and AMOS to shed light on the prevalent factors that influence the attitude to use digital banking services. Findings It is found out that convenience (which includes perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), perceived self-efficacy, demonetization, performance expectancy and pandemic effect have a significant effect on the attitude to adopt DBS. The findings of the study will provide deeper insights for the banks as well as different government agencies to revamp their strategies in changing the financial landscape of the country through a “cashless economy”. Practical implications Demonetization, a boom in eCommerce in India, pandemic-related lockdowns or restrictions and the government’s push for the digital economy will aid the use of DBS at a faster pace. The outcome of the study will help both the government and the financial institutions to chalk out strategies to cater to the rural MSMEs in embracing DBS. Originality/value The use of digital services for banking in India is in a nascent stage, but the rate of adoption is increasing at a cyclonic speed. Affordable electronic devices, cheap internet and different medium of using DBS are fuelling the rapid increase; yet, limited research focuses on the differences in the rate of acceptance of digital banking services concerning rural MSMEs.

No abstract

For Procedural Sedation, sedative and Analgesic agents are frequently used in Emergency Department but titration of anesthetic doses should be performed with care, and patients should be continuously monitored. The use of Ketamine, Propofol and their combination (Ketofol) is in common practice, but there is currently no intravenous anesthetic agent that is ideal. Therefore, this review was conducted to analyze the efficacy as well as the potential side effects of these anesthetic agents during procedural sedation. Method: For this purpose, Medline, EMBASE, CCRCT and CINAHL were searched and systematically analyzed and the meta-analysis included all English-language randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing K-P vs propofol for procedural sedation in ED. The study included the data of ED patients who received procedural sedation for non-elective unpleasant procedures. Results: As a result of the removal of duplicate citations and studies that did not fulfill eligibility requirements, a total of 06 RCTs involving 932 patients (412 in the propofol group and 520 in the K-P group). Very high levels of inter-rater reliability (j = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.0) were found in the final selection of included trials, with 95.2% agreement. Conclusion: Data revealed that the combination of Ketamine with propofol was the most effective anesthetic combination in the larger randomized, prospective studies carried out in the ED that had sufficient power to use the maintenance of vital signs and the success of the procedure as endpoints are still required

Purpose: The turbulent times created by the recent uncertain events give only two solutions – either surrender or fight-out. It has been the story so far for the MSMEs in India. Three events that changed the business scenario include the implementation of demonetization & GST and the pandemic-related restrictions. Survival became the only viable factor for businesses. This study dwells deeper into these three events and their influence on the adoption of digitalization by MSMEs in rural India. Methodology: Responses of the rural MSME owners were collected through a structured questionnaire containing multiple-choice questions on a 5-point Likert scale. To have better clarity, responses of 274 rural MSME owners were finally considered for the data analysis. For factor analysis of the data, the process of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was adopted with the help of IBM SPSS 25.0. To find out the validity of the model, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed by using IBM AMOS 21.0. Findings: It is found that the pandemic effect has the strongest significance followed by the demonetization effect on MSME owners towards the adoption of digitalization for their business. GST was implemented within a year of demonetization, so its effect is found to be non-significant. Practical Implications: The results of the study will help the government as well as IT solution providers to chalk out their strategies, products, or reforms taking into consideration the particular problems faced by MSMEs related to demonetization and pandemic closure. The outcome will also help in better implementation of the ‘Vocal for Local’ initiative. Originality: The results of the proposed study indicate that during all the three major events, the importance of digitalization has been witnessed by the MSMEs. These uncertain times have prioritized the use of digitalization not only for their survival but also to match the consumers’ demands during those periods. This study shows the importance of digitalization and will help the cup to reach the lip and both the economy and the MSME owners will be benefitted from it.

The modern world is inclined towards the comfort of digitalization through creative ideas and innovation. Interest in modern living and a tech-savvy lifestyle has made innovation the most important parameter for business. With the increase in business competition and from global competitors, low-cost innovative products are taking the center stage. Also, uncertain financial or natural interruptions are forcing the company to adapt to better means of producing products or providing services for their survival. Recent tension with India's biggest importer and the government's push for 'vocal for local' initiatives have made innovation a compulsory aspect to be better or at par with the importing country's product and pricing to cater to the growing demand of the domestic consumers. The study is focused on the backbone of India's economy i.e., MSMEs. Rural MSMEs are far behind their urban counterparts in the adoption of innovation in their business. The study was conducted using the responses of 223 rural MSMEs in India. IBM SPSS and AMOS were used to know the factors behind the MSMEs' adoption of innovation. The study will help the government, scholars, academicians, and institutions providing support for business innovation to chalk out a better process to cater to the needs of these MSMEs in understanding and implementing innovation in their business.