Culture encompasses a person's lifestyle. Cultures vary greatly in their views on ideas, beliefs, customs, and practices. However, the cultural view of illness is a strong weapon that may be used to develop a belief about the etiology of any illness or disease. The study aimed to see the indigenous curing process of Mental Illness in Jalalpur Pirwala, Southern Punjab. The researcher chose to conduct her study in the developing region of Jalalpur Pirwala in Pakistan to see the cultural beliefs held by families in an area where people have a greater tendency to believe in saints and superstitions. From a personhood perspective, there is limited research on adulthood mental illness in Pakistan; this phenomenological study is a contribution to the anthropological inquiries being conducted in a specific subfield of anthropology known as Psychological Anthropology. People with mental illnesses who were between the ages of 18 and 60 were the focus of the study. Various techniques of data collecting were used, such as unstructured interviews with practitioners (spiritual bhoopa/healers), observation, and in-depth interviews with carers of mentally ill individuals. Caretakers and practitioners were selected through snowball sampling. Document and thematic analysis were used to enhance the reliability and validity of the qualitative research. According to the findings, cultural beliefs about mental illness are tied to the divine or supernatural in which preference of healing for mental illness is associated with bhoopa (Traditional practitioner) with indigenous rituals of healing. Carers of mentally ill persons prefer traditional, spiritual, or faith healing rather than westernized psychological treatments.

This research study has a mission to highlight the nature of the ethnographic research method, how it came into existence, its purpose of it, what type of tools it uses, what are its limitations, and what significance it induces in Pakistan’s research. Ethnography is also defined as the manifestation of writing a textual context after the conduction of a long, complex process. Ethnographic viewpoints are established depending upon the way of work is conducted. It leads the ethnographer to enter the world every day. It encourages extracting the information about a community under study in cultural contexts. Ethnographic study goals can be accomplished within the standard time of a year which is a minimum requirement. As per the research criteria, it can also take more than a year. However, it is also true that sometimes due to more specific and focused research it takes very little time as compared to the standard time to cover the whole culture of the community of interest. This research paper is based on the SLR methodology. A total of 100 of the articles were identified and retrieved from one of the databases HEC National Digital Library. After identification, 05 research articles were evaluated for data synthesis. For SLR implication, the researcher has collected literature information purposefully that induces to conduct methodological analysis without or with very less biasness. The main thrust of SLR was the formulation of a general view regarding the specific research question of the current study and giving it a literature summary. Application of SLR methodology is found significant to employ in development-planning research in Pakistan based on Ethnography. KEYWORDS Ethnographic research method, Culture Study, Emic and Etic perspectives, Ethnography classification.

An examination of human history would reveal the critical role that migration and population mobility have played in shaping the fundamental nature of human civilization today. While this may appear to be a natural process, its power to alter the social, political, and economic dynamics of both the sending and host countries, as well as important notions like "citizenship," "identification,"and "belonging,”. Upon the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, millions of Indian refugees and migrants settled in Karachi and other regions of the country, coexisting with the local people. They identified as‘mohajirs' (migrants) and have since been a part of Pakistan's lengthy process of assimilation into the multiethnic, multilingual Islamic republic. The topic of the research was "Identity Crisis among Migrants after Partition: A case study of Daultala, Gujjar Khan”. The main objective of the research was to find out how the local people consider themselves superior to migrants. The research was conducted in Daultalain the tehsil Gujjar Khan of district Rawalpindi. The methodology used in the research was descriptive.The current study was carried out using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods,including questionnaires and interviews with a sample of 45 local respondents selected using a convenient sampling technique living in Daultala, Gujjar Khan.

Culture guides the individuals to live their lives according to the beliefs set by the people of that culture. In order to know about the cause of any illness, the combination of knowledge and culture is considered to be a powerful tool. The study aimed to see the cultural perceptions about mental illness in Jalalpur Pirwala. This study focused on the carers of mentally ill persons by observing their perceptions regarding the mentally ill person of their families. The subject of the research was 18-60 years old mentally ill persons. Data collection methods included observation, unstructured interviews with practitioners (spiritual healers/bhoopa), and in-depth interviews were conducted with caretakers of mentally ill persons, selected through snowball sampling. Findings showed that cultural beliefs regarding mental illness are related to supernatural or divine phenomena in which causes of mental illness are Allah’s will or punishment, witching, black magic, evil eye, curse or women’s fault.

In a genetic term, “consanguinity” basically is a partnership between couples that are correlated by blood or are second cousins or closer than this. Many countries practise consanguineous marriages like Turkey, Lebanon and Pakistan.The research study aimed to provide information to people about the negative effects of consanguineous marriages. For this purpose, the descriptive research study was conducted in Rawalpindi. Furthermore, people were selected through purposive sampling. The results found that Consanguinity prevails due to caste endogamy and it has a very bad impact on the future generation as it causes a lot of genetic or hierarchical problems. Like many kinds of genetic diseases or problems are very common among the offspring having parents who are cousins by blood. Generally, it is a cultural practice to perform endogamy but has adverse effects on the lives of people. The key factor behind prevailing endogamous marriages is lack of education.