Lophomonas infection is an emerging parasitic disease-causing respiratory infection. Although common in immunocompromised patient, it has been observed also in some immunocompetent cases. We report the case of a 45-year-old male who presented with productive cough, fever, and chest pain, with marked eosinophilia and cavitary lesion in the X-ray chest. KOH preparation and acid-fast bacilli microscopy of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were negative. Direct microscopic examination of BAL accidentally showed a large number of living Lophomonas species with the movement of flagella. Methylene blue and Giemsa staining showed the plume of flagella and the nucleus. The patient was managed conservatively with metronidazole and get cured. It was concluded that the patient presented with signs and symptoms of pneumonia must be evaluated for rare events also if the patient was not responding with typical management of pneumonia. We reported the first case of this rare entity in Chhattisgarh state in an immunocompetent young Indian male.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, four out of five CVDs deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. In view of above background study conducted with the aim and objective to determine Ten years risk assessment of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction or stroke) among adult population visiting UHTC of a tertiary care Institution, Farrukhabad, UP, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using World Health organisation (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) tool at urban health and training centre (UHTC) of a tertiary care institution at Farrukhabad, UP from August 2017 to January 2018.  Sample size was 400 (n=4pq/l2). Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional ethical committee and written informed consent obtained from the participants. Data analysed using SPSS Software. Chi-square test used to observe level of significance at p<0.05.Results: Majority (69.5%) have less than 10% risk for CVD whereas 10.5% have 10-20% risk, 8% people have 20-30% risk, 6.25% have 30-40% risk and 5.75% people have ≥ 40% risk. Majority (58.75%) belong to young adult. About 7.75% people were diabetic and 11.25% were smoker. Concerning serum cholesterol, 49% had 5 mmol/l, 42% had 4 mmol/l, 0.75% had ≥8 mmol/l. Statistically significant association observed between socio-economic status (SES) and cardiovascular event when chi-square is 95.344, and p<0.00001.Conclusions: About 1/3 population have risk above 10%. Mostly middle-income group are on risk.

COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted a painful unforgettable number of deaths throughout the world. Hematological inflammatory and organ-specific biomarkers are universally practiced in helping clinical decisions in various infectious diseases. Accordingly, their role in predicting progression and severity, and fatal outcome of COVID-19 was investigated to take initial appropriate treatment measures to reduce associated mortality. Methods: The retrospective analysis of a total of 126 COVID-19 cases representing mild, moderate, severe, and succumbed cases were assessed for the pattern of hematological, inflammatory, and organ-specific biomarkers. Results: A total of 126 proven cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively analyzed for the association of various biomarkers with the COVID-19 disease progression. The CBC analysis showed that the median TLC was high for the severe group of both males (12.49 x 103/mcl) and females (14.23 x103/mcl). Similarly, the neutrophil count was also found high in the severe group, whereas the monocytes count showed low median values in severe cases, but both these parameters had no significant difference among the males and the females. The platelet count showed a significant difference (p=0.018) among the non-severe and severe groups between males and females. Among inflammatory markers, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and APTT showed a higher median value in severe cases among both the males and females while ESR value was higher in non-severe cases and ferritin showed similar values in both severe and non-severe cases. The liver and kidney function parameters were also analyzed and a significant P-value was found for ALP (p=0.004), ALT (p=0.032), and AST (p=0.009) in the non-severe vs. severe category of COVID-19 patients. Discussion: High TLC, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and eosinopenia are the potential risk factor for the progression of COVID-19 disease for severe and fatal outcomes. Inflammatory markers of D-dimer, CRP, LDH, APTT, and ferritin above normal range also carries the potential risk of severe and fatal outcome in COVID-19 disease. Higher ALT, AST, and serum creatinine may also carry a poor prognosis.

Background: About 422 million people worldwide have diabetes and 1.6 million deaths each year. Global target is to halt the rise in diabetes and obesity by 2025. In context of above background study was conducted with the aim and objective to determine the risk factor and health seeking behaviour among adult’s diabetics who visited urban health and training centre (UHTC) of a tertiary care Institution.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 adult’s diabetics who visited NCD clinic at UHTC, of a tertiary care institution from June 2020 to May 2021. Semi open questionnaire was used. Study setting was department of community medicine, Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, Durg, Chhattisgarh. Ethical consent was taken from institutional ethical committee and written informed consent obtained from all the participants. Data analysis done using SPSS software. Statistical significance obtained using Chi-square test at p value <0.05.Results: About 81% of subjects had good drug compliance whereas 19% had poor compliance. About 5% had exclusively supply from hospital whereas 45% from both sources hospital and medicine shop and 50% from shop only. About 69% of subjects were involved in physical activities whereas 31% did not had any physical activities. About 45% were addicted to substance abuse. Prevalence of diabetes was maximum 38% in age group 50-60 years. The mean age of diagnosis of diabetes was 45.92±13.58 years.Conclusions: Diabetes was maximum in late adulthood and majority were utilising both medicine shop and hospital for health care.

Background: India has granted emergency use authorization to two COVID-19 vaccines, Pune based Serum Institute of India’s Covishield and Hyderabad- based Bharat Biotech International Ltd.’s Covaxin, for the vaccination drive. Once a vaccine is in use, it must be continuously monitored to make sure it continues to be safe. These data will add on in policy making and also help vaccine to be safely tracked throughout its use. In view of above background present study has been conducted to determine adverse effect following immunization.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted among 400 MBBS students of a rural medical college in Chhattisgarh, India from January 2021 to March 2021. Approval was taken from institutional ethical committee and written informed consent was obtained from participants. A semi-open questionnaire was used to estimate the adverse effect following Covishield administration. Data was processed, analysed using SPSS software and information was obtained.Results: Study shows most common adverse effect was pain at injection site (86%), followed by fever (76%). Female received more (69%) treatment compared to male (31%). Almost 100% of subject experienced adverse effect following immunization (AEFI) following first dose administration whereas about 20% only experienced adverse effect following administration of second dose.Conclusions: Pain at injection site was most common adverse effect followed by fever. Adverse effect was four times more with first dose compared to second dose. Female received more treatment compared to male. Majority had fever and pain for 1-2 days only. Thus, it was concluded that vaccine have no serious side effect.