Aim
Recently, with the second wave of COVID-19, the Indian subcontinent has witnessed a dramatic rise in mucormycosis infection in patients recovered from COVID-19. This association has been documented in various case reports/case series and institutional experiences, and the mortality associated with this fungal infection is emerging as a cause of concern. The aim of the present paper is to provide a scientific overview on the pathogenesis of mucormycosis in COVID-19 beyond the conventional understanding of the disease process, which may not otherwise explain the increased incidence of mucormycosis in SARS-CoV-2.
Methodology
This paper is structured as a narrative review of the published literature on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 which contributes to the development of mucormycosis. Apart from the acknowledged role of ketoacidosis, high blood sugar, and iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis, other factors involved in pathophysiology of COVID-19 which might alter or enhance the mucormycosis infection such as (1) the role of ferritin, (2) high serum iron, (3) free radical-induced endothelitis, (4) hepcidin activation, (5) upregulation of glucose receptor protein (GRP78) are discussed in the pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis.
Conclusion
A new proposal for the pathogenesis based on the ferritin, viral mimicry of hepcidin and GRP78–CotH3 interaction, which clearly explains the surge in mucormycosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection, has been explained.
This paper is to study how Honda Motor Company drives the organization towards success to improve their competitiveness with the best performance by its management. Honda is a production company founded by Soichiro Honda in 1946. Initially, it was known as "Honda Engineering Research" in Hamamatsu, Japan, and two years later the company changed to Honda Motor Company. Honda Motor focuses on its mission and vision that lead the advancement of mobility and provide comfort and convenience to people. Honda Motor is a leading manufacturer of motorcycles and a major producer of automobiles for the world market. Honda produces variety of model that meets customer's preferences and satisfaction. Honda has always been very enthusiastic in innovating technology and challenging boundaries of mobility advancement. Honda Motor provides high quality service center-Honda Authorized Service Centers, where the tools, expertise and parts are tailored for every Honda. Honda promotes its products through mass media such as advertising, article, magazines, website, social media, billboards. The paper presents the key success factors of Honda and concludes with some recommendation.
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