Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devasting neurological condition producing physical dependency, morbidity, psychological stress, and financial burden. During the last 30 years, its global prevalence has increased from 236 to 1298 cases per million populations. Two types of spinal cord injury are primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is mechanical damage to the cord itself whereas secondary injury results from one or more biochemical and cellular processes that are triggered by the primary lesion. In 1700 BC, in an Egyptian surgical papyrus, they describe the frustration of health care professionals in treating a severe spinal cord injury, the Papyrus reported spinal fractures as a “disease that should not be treated”. Most of these studies approach a patient with acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in one of four manners: corrective surgery or a physical, biological, or pharmacological treatment method. Science is unraveling the mechanisms of cell protection and neuroregeneration, but clinically, we only provide supportive care for patients with spinal cord injuries. By combining these treatments, researchers attempt to enhance the functional recovery of patients with spinal cord injuries. Advances in the last decade have allowed us to encourage the development of experimental studies in the field of spinal cord regeneration. The combination of several therapeutic strategies should, at a minimum, allow for partial functional recoveries for these patients, which could improve their quality of life. More studies were done on spinalized animals that indicate that most of these pharmacological agents may act on receptors present in the spinal cord, thus facilitate to produce coordinated locomotor movement, whereas some other drugs used to improve the neuropathological changes caused because of spinal cord injury (SCI), such as spasticity or demyelination, to improve walking.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is extremely debilitating disorder. The increasing incidences and persisting poor prognosis in neurological recovery and QoL (SCIM) have severely exposed the limitations of all known management strategies. Recently simple measures like nutritional supplementation in SCI cases have shown promising results. Efforts in augmenting neurological recovery and QoL (SCIM) following SCI are being studied world over. Unfortunately, little success has been achieved and the most promising ones such as corticosteroids, newer pharmaceutical agents, and cellular therapies have conflicting results. Several studies have found significant improvement in recovery following nutritional intervention in acute trauma and critically ill subjects. These were reported to be cost effective and easy to administer. Since most of these studies were on a specific nutritional supplement, the full potential of a set of nutritional supplementation facilitating neurological recovery needs to be explored. In ASCI, the improvement in neurological status and QOL (SCIM) is unpredictable and remains poor with known therapy. It has been reported that injuries heal better with nutritional supplementation. Taurine, vitamins C and E, omega-3 fatty acid, etc. have specifically found to be effective in facilitating recovery in acute trauma.

Taurine chemically known as 2 aminoethanesulfonic acid; NH2CH2CH2SO3H it’s a non essential amino acid, due to absence of carboxyl group it does not participate in protein synthesis, it does not metabolized and thus not involved in gluconeogenesis, thereby not constituting a direct energy source, This wonderful molecule was discover in 1827 by two German scientist Tiedemann and Gmelin from bile of ox (Bos taurus), Ten years later, this amino acid got its name as Taurine by Demarcay, and 20 years later Jacobsen and Smith discovered that its structure contains sulfur. In a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate tissues the natural occurrence of taurine has been recognized, It is also present in plants algae and fungi. In this review we try to cover all possible beneficial role of taurine.